[7] “Saturn has a mean diameter that is about nine times that of Earth while his volume exceeds hers more than 700 times. Within an extreme span of upwards of four millions of miles on either side of Saturn’s globe there circle eight satellites and two millions of worlds, the least of which is probably as large as Mars. Then within the path of the innermost of these moons there is the wonderful ring system of Saturn. The span of this system of rings amounts to about 176,000 miles; that is its outermost edge lies about 88,000 miles from Saturn’s centre, while the complete system has a breadth of 37,600 miles, but the innermost part, to a breadth of nearly 9,000 miles is dark. Through this dark ring the outline of Saturn’s disc can be clearly perceived. In fact this wonderful dark ring is transparent. The bright parts of the system form two rings, separated from each other by a dark, but not perfectly black, circular division about 1700 miles broad.” Proctor, “Expanse of the Heavens,” p. 96. [8] “Its mean density is less than that of any known planet, being less than one-seventh of the earth.” Proctor, “Expanse of the Heavens,” p. 97. [9] Proctor, “Poetry of Astronomy,” p. 366. CHAPTER IV. SPACE. If all the stars that we now see in space were once fire-mist, there must have been another region equally large filled with some substance of a temperature 600° below zero, in order to equalize the heat of the fire-mist and leave space 300° below zero, as it now is in the vast region that surrounds existing stars.[10] What must that cold of 600° have been, for what is that of 300° even when water freezes at 32° above zero and mercury at 30° below! Where that cold space was we know not, neither do we know what was in space before the fire-mist.[11]