The hell bombLaurence, William L. (William Leonard)
Philosophy
The hell bomb
Laurence, William L. (William Leonard)
Hydrogen bomb
How much tritium would be required for the kindling mixture? On this we
can only speculate at present. Since the D-T kindling calls for the
fusion of one atom of tritium with one atom of deuterium, and the atomic
weight of tritium is three as compared with two for deuterium, the
weight of the two substances will be in the ratio of 3 for tritium to 2
for deuterium. Thus if the amount to be used for the kindling mixture is
to be one kilogram, it will be made up of 600 grams of tritium and 400
grams of deuterium. Since, as we have seen, it would take eighty
kilograms of plutonium to produce one kilogram of tritium, we would have
to use up only 48 kilograms of plutonium to create the 600 grams, or the
equivalent of one and a half to about five A-bombs, according to Dr.
Oliphant’s estimate.
But would we need as much as 600 grams of tritium? Such an amount, mixed
with 400 grams of deuterium, would yield an explosive power equal to
80,000 tons of TNT, an energy equivalent of 100 million kilowatt-hours.
A twentieth part of this amount would still be equal in power to 4,000
tons of TNT, equivalent in terms of energy to 5,000,000 kilowatt-hours.
Now one twentieth of 600 grams, just 30 grams of tritium, could be made
at a cost of no more than 2.4 kilograms of plutonium. Thus we would be
paying only one twelfth to one fourth of an A-bomb (in addition to the
one used as the trigger) to get the equivalent of ten A-bombs in
blasting power and of thirty times the incendiary power, which would
totally devastate an area of more than 300 square miles by blast and of
more than 1,200 square miles by fire.
Would 30 grams of tritium be enough to serve as the superkindling for
exploding, let’s say, 1,000 kilograms (one ton) of deuterium? We shall
probably not know until we actually try it. It will largely depend on
the temperature generated by our more powerful A-bomb models. If it is
true, as Senator Johnson informed his television audience, that they
have “six times the effectiveness of the bomb that was dropped over
Nagasaki” (which, by the way, had more than twice the effectiveness of
the Hiroshima model), it is quite possible that their temperature is as
high as 150 million, or even 200 million, degrees. In that case, the
extra kindling of a 20–30 gram D-T mixture, with its tremendous burst of
5,000,000 kilowatt-hours of energy in 0.28 to 0.38 microseconds (added
to the vast quantity already being liberated by the exploding plutonium,
or U-235), might well heat the deuterium to the proper ignition
temperature and keep it hot long enough for its mass to explode well
within 1.2 microseconds. In any case it would appear logical to expect
that a mixture of 150 grams of tritium and 100 grams of deuterium, which
would release an energy equal to that of the Hiroshima bomb, should be
able to do the job with plenty of time to spare.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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