Juan I and the Portuguese wars, 116. John of Gaunt in Spain, 118. The Good King Henry III, 119. Guzman’s portrait of Juan and his minister, 122. Chronicle of the constable Don Alvaro de Luna, 124. Internal dissensions, 124. The fall of Alvaro, 126. Hume’s estimate of Juan II, 127. The disasters of Henry IV, 128. Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella, 130. War of the Succession, 132. CHAPTER VI FERDINAND AND ISABELLA (1474-1504 A.D.) 134 Resistance to papal encroachment, 139. The regulation of trade, 140. The pre-eminence of the royal authority, 141. Progress of the war, 145. The siege of Malaga, 149. The capture of Granada, 151. End of Moslem sway in Spain, 154. Spanish explorers and Christopher Columbus, 155. The expulsion of the Jews, 157. Persecution and revolt of the Moors, 161. Spain in Italy; the Great Captain, 163. Illness and death of Isabella, 166. Prescott’s estimate of Isabella, 169. Burke’s estimate of Isabella; Hume’s estimate, 176. CHAPTER VII THE REGENCIES OF FERDINAND (1504-1517 A.D.) 178 Philip enters Spain, 181, The reign of Philip I, 183. Death of Philip; Juana’s madness, 185. The return of Ferdinand, 187. Was Queen Juana insane? 189. Ferdinand’s second regency, 192. Death and character of Ferdinand, 193. The regency of Cardinal Ximenes, 196. Death and character of Ximenes, 198. The two chief works of Ximenes, 200. Comparison of Ximenes and Richelieu, 201. Review of the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, 202. Discovery and colonisation, 205. The golden age of Spain, 207. CHAPTER VIII THE EMPEROR CHARLES V (1517-1556 A.D.) 211 King Charles becomes emperor, 213. Charles’ struggle with the cortes, 216. Revolt of the germaneros and the comuneros, 218. Queen Juana released, 219. The Moors under Charles V, 223. Charles retires from the world, 226. De Marliani’s review of the influence of Charles V on Spain, 230. CHAPTER IX THE REIGN OF PHILIP II (1556-1598 A.D.) 233 Philip’s marriage with Mary Tudor, 234. Philip’s character, 235. War with the Turks, 239. Wars with France, 239. The Netherlands, 240. English affairs and the Armada, 244. Acquisition of Portugal, 246. Moriscos revolt, 247. Moorish atrocities, 248. Christian atrocities, 249. The misfortunes of Don Carlos, 251. Fate of the king’s secretary, Perez, 253. De Castro’s estimate of Antonio Perez, 255. The death of Philip, 256. Dunham’s estimate of Philip II, 259. Watson on Philip’s imprudences, 259. CHAPTER X THE LAST OF THE SPANISH HABSBURGS (1598-1700 A.D.) 261