Causes of Spain’s rapid decline, 262. Philip IV, “the Great,” 266. The Catalan insurrection, 267. The Thirty Years’ War and the Treaty of the Pyrenees, 268. Death of Philip IV, 271. King Charles II and the French War, 271. The fate of the young queen, 274. Last years of Charles II, 275. The distresses of Spain, 277. CHAPTER XI REVIVAL OF SPAIN UNDER THE FIRST BOURBONS (1700-1788 A.D.) 279 French influence dominates, 280. The new queen and the princess Orsini, 282. War of the Spanish Succession, 283. The Catalan revolt, 290. A new European war, 292. Philip abdicates and returns, 294. The adventures of Ripperdá, 295. Spanish account of the war with England, 298. The war of the Austrian Succession, 300. The Good King Ferdinand VI, 301. The singer Farinelli, 301. Charles III, 303. Expulsion of the Jesuits, 306. CHAPTER XII SPAIN AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1788-1808 A.D.) 310 The rise of Godoy, 311. Godoy as minister, and the war with France, 313. Spain in alliance with France against England, 317. The autocracy of Godoy, 320. Napoleon schemes for Spain, 325. Charles IV abdicates; the Bourbons at Bayonne, 327. Lafuente’s account of the Dos de Mayo, 329. The royal family at Bayonne, 333. CHAPTER XIII THE PENINSULA WAR (1808-1814 A.D.) 336 War declared on France, 337. Joseph Bonaparte chosen king of Spain, 337. The English appear, 340. Moore’s famous retreat, 343. Napier’s story of Moore’s retreat, 345. A Spanish opinion of the retreat, 348. French successes, 348. Wellington resumes control, 350. The lines of Torres Vedras, 353. Failures in Spain, 357. Napier’s account of the assault on Badajoz, 359. British progress, 365. Napier’s account of the retreat, 367. Affairs of 1812-1813, 367. Return of the Bourbons, 370. England’s share in the war, 372. Napier’s estimate of Wellington, 373. CHAPTER XIV THE RESTORATION OF THE BOURBONS (1814-1902 A.D.) 375