Henry III--Reissues of the Charter--Assessment of a carucage by the Council--Conditional Grants--Rejected offer of a disbursing commission--Supervision of expenditures--Representation as it was in Henry’s National Council--Knights of the shire called, 1254--Provisions of Oxford--Knights of the shire summoned by Henry and Simon de Montfort to national assemblies--In Parliament, 1264--Simon de Montfort’s Great Parliament, 1265--First instance of burgher representation--House of Commons foreshadowed. CHAPTER IV LAW OF PARLIAMENTARY TAXATION, 1272-1297 107 Edward I--His first Parliament and its grant of a custom on wool--His second Parliament--Attendance of knights of the shire declared “expedient”--Provincial assemblies at Northampton and York grant taxes--Seizure of wool, 1294--Separate meeting of knights of the shire--The Model Parliament, 1295--“What affects all by all should be approved”--Parliament of 1296--Struggle with the barons over service in Gascony--Contumacy of Bohun and Bigod--Principle that grants must wait upon redress of grievances--_Confirmatio Cartarum_--_De tallagio non concedendo_. CHAPTER V TAXATION BY THE COMMONS, 1297-1461 154 Character of the period--Parliament of Lincoln--Tunnage and poundage and other customs--Tallage--Edward II--Tentative abolition of the New Customs--The Lords Ordainers--Abolition of the New Customs--Tallage of 1312--Deposition of Edward II--Edward III--Tallage of 1332 and its withdrawal--New Customs a regular means of revenue--The wool customs--Statutory abolition of the Maletolt and of all unauthorized taxation--Parliament the sole taxing authority in law--Checkered history of the wool customs--Appropriation of Supplies--Examination of Accounts--Death of Edward III--Separate sessions of the houses--Richard II--Trouble over audit of accounts--Special treasurers--The Rising of the Villeins--Richard’s despotism and dethronement--Henry IV--Initiation of tax levies in the House of Commons, 1407--Henry V--Henry VI--Declaration for appropriation of supplies--Accession of the Yorkists. CHAPTER VI EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY EXACTION, 1461-1603 213 Edward IV--Benevolences and forced loans--Richard III--Prohibition of benevolences--The Tudors--Henry VII--The “New-found Subsidy”--Morton’s Crotch--Early taxation of Henry VIII--Cardinal Wolsey’s breach of privilege--Henry’s commissions and benevolences--Forced loans--Profits of the Reformation--Parliament the confirming authority in clerical grants--Elizabeth--Liberality of her Parliaments--Assertion by the commons of their right to originate money bills. CHAPTER VII THE STUARTS, 1603-1689 236