The Kashf al-mahjúb: The oldest Persian treatise on SúfiismHujviri, ‘Ali ibn ‘Usman
Islamic
The Kashf al-mahjúb: The oldest Persian treatise on Súfiism
Hujviri, ‘Ali ibn ‘Usman
Sufism -- Early works to 1800
Know that the wearing of a _muraqqa`a_ (patched frock) is the badge of
aspirants to Ṣúfiism. The wearing of these garments is a _Sunna_ (custom
of the Prophet), for the Apostle said: _`Alaykum bi-labs al-ṣúf tajidúna
ḥaláwat al-ímán fí qulúbikum._ And, further, one of the Companions says:
_Kána ´l-nabí salla ´lláh `alayhi wa-sallama yalbasu ´l-ṣúf wa-yarkabu
´l-ḥimár._ And, moreover, the Apostle said to `Á´isha: _Lá tuḍayyi`i
´l-thawb ḥattá turaqqi`íhi._ He said: “See that ye wear woollen raiment,
that ye may feel the sweetness of faith.” And it is related that the
Apostle wore a garment of wool and rode on an ass, and that he said to
`Á´isha: “O `Á´isha, do not let the garment be destroyed, but patch it.”
`Umar, the son of Khaṭṭáb, wore, it is said, a _muraqqa`a_ with thirty
patches inserted on it. Of `Umar, too, we are told that he said: “The
best garment is that which gives the least trouble” (_ki ma´únat-i án
sabuktar buvad_). It is related of the Commander of the Faithful, `Alí,
that he had a shirt of which the sleeves were level with his fingers,
and if at any time he wore a longer shirt he used to tear off the ends
of its sleeves. The Apostle also was commanded by God to shorten his
garments, for God said: “_And purify thy garments_” (Kor. lxxiv, 4),
i.e. shorten them. And Ḥasan of Baṣra says: “I saw seventy comrades who
fought at Badr: all of them had woollen garments; and the greatest
_Ṣiddíq_ (Abú Bakr) wore a garment of wool in his detachment from the
world” (_tajríd_). Ḥasan of Baṣra says further: “I saw Salmán
(al-Fárisí) wearing a woollen frock (_gilím_) with patches.” The
Commander of the Faithful, `Umar b. al-Khaṭṭáb, and the Commander of the
Faithful, `Alí, and Harim b. Ḥayyán relate that they saw Uways Qaraní
with a woollen garment on which patches were inserted. Ḥasan of Baṣra
and Málik Dínár and Sufyán Thawrí were owners of woollen patched frocks.
And it is related of the Imám Abú Ḥanífa of Kúfa—this is written in the
History of the Shaykhs composed by Muḥammad b. `Alí Ḥakím Tirmidhí—that
he at first clothed himself in wool and was on the point of retiring
from the world, when he saw in a dream the Apostle, who said: “It
behoves thee to live amidst the people, because thou art the means
whereby my _Sunna_ will be revived.” Then Abú Ḥanífa refrained from
solitude, but he never put on a garment of any value. And Dáwud Ṭá´í,
who was one of the veritable adepts among the aspirants to Ṣúfiism
(_yakí az muḥaqqiqán-i mutaṣawwifa_), enjoined the wearing of wool. And
Ibráhím the son of Adham came to visit the most venerable Imám Abú
Ḥanífa, clad in a garment of wool. The latter’s disciples looked at him
with contempt and disparagement, until Abú Ḥanífa said: “Our lord
Ibráhím b. Adham has come.” The disciples said: “The Imám utters no
jests: how has he gained this lordship?” Abú Ḥanífa replied: “By
continual devotion. He has been occupied in serving God while we have
been engaged in serving our own bodies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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