The life of Cardinal Mezzofanti: With an introductory memoir of eminent linguists, ancient and modern — John Shaqi
The life of Cardinal Mezzofanti: With an introductory memoir of eminent linguists, ancient and modernRussell, Charles William
History
The life of Cardinal Mezzofanti: With an introductory memoir of eminent linguists, ancient and modern
Russell, Charles William
Linguists; Mezzofanti, Giuseppe, 1774-1849
It is not unnatural to suppose that this circumstance, as well as the
rank of Pico, and the singular precocity of his talents, may have led to
a false or exaggerated estimate of his acquirements. But, even allowing
every reasonable deduction on this score, his claim must be freely
admitted to the character of one of the greatest wonders of his own or
any other age, whether he be considered as a linguist or as a general
scholar.
Marvellous, however, as is the reputation of Pico della Mirandola,
perhaps the science of language owes more to a less brilliant but more
practical scholar of the same period, Teseo Ambrosio, of the family of
the Albonesi. He was born at Pavia, in 1469. His admirers have not failed
to chronicle such precocious indications of genius as his composing
Italian, Latin, and even Greek poetry, before he was fifteen; but he
himself confesses that his proficiency in these studies dates from a
considerably later time. He entered the order of Canons Regular of St.
Augustine, and fixed his residence at Rome, where he devoted himself with
great assiduity to Oriental studies, and acquired such a reputation,
that when, in the Lateran Council of 1512, the united Ethiopic and
Maronite Christians solicited the privilege of using their own peculiar
liturgies while they maintained the communion of the Roman church, it was
to him the task of examining those liturgies, and of ascertaining how
far their teaching was in accordance with the doctrines of the Church,
was entrusted by the Holy See. Teseo assures us that, at the time when
he received this commission, he knew little more than the elements
of Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic. He set to work with the assistance of
a native Syrian (who, however, was entirely ignorant of Latin); and,
carrying on their communication by mutual instruction, he was soon able
not only to master the difficulties of these languages, but to set on
foot what may be regarded as (at least conjointly with the Complutensian
Polyglot) one of the earliest systematic schemes for the promotion of
Oriental studies. He had types cast expressly for his projects; and he
himself prepared the Chaldee Psalter for the press, and repaired to his
native city of Pavia for the purpose of having it printed. He died (1539)
before it was completed;[52] but his types were turned to account by
other scholars. It was with Teseo’s types that William Postel printed two
out of the five Pater Nosters contained in his collection—the Chaldee
and the Armenian.[53] And to him we owe a still greater boon—the first
regular attempt at a Polyglot Grammar; which, however imperfectly,
comprises the elements of Chaldee, Syriac, Armenian, and ten other
languages.
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