1. It may seem that the judgments of Common Sense respecting the Sources of Happiness offer a refuge from the uncertainties of Empirical Hedonism: but there are several fundamental defects in this refuge; 151-153 2. and these judgments when closely examined are found to be perplexingly inconsistent. 153-158 3. Still we may derive from them a certain amount of practical guidance. 158-161 CHAPTER V HAPPINESS AND DUTY 1. It has been thought possible to prove on empirical grounds that one’s greatest happiness is always attained by the performance of duty. 162-163 2. But no such complete coincidence seems to result from a consideration either of the Legal Sanctions of Duty: 163-166 3. or of the Social Sanctions: 166-170 4. or of the Internal Sanctions: even if we consider not merely isolated acts of duty, but a virtuous life as a whole. 170-175 CHAPTER VI DEDUCTIVE HEDONISM 1. Hedonistic Method must ultimately rest on facts of empirical observation: but it might become largely deductive, through scientific knowledge of the causes of pleasure and pain: 176-180 2. but we have no practically available general theory of these causes, either psychophysical, 180-190 3. or biological. 190-192 4. Nor can the principle of ‘increasing life,’ or that of ‘aiming at self-development,’ or that of ‘giving free play to impulse,’ be so defined as to afford us any practical guidance to the end of Egoism, without falling back on the empirical comparison of pleasures and pains. 192-195 BOOK III INTUITIONISM CHAPTER I INTUITIONISM 1. The fundamental assumption of Intuitionism is that we have the power of seeing clearly what actions are in themselves right and reasonable. 199-201 2. Though many actions are commonly judged to be made better or worse through the presence of certain _motives_, our common judgments of right and wrong relate, strictly speaking, to _intentions_. One motive, indeed, the desire to do what is right as such, has been thought an essential condition to right conduct: but the Intuitional method should be treated as not involving this assumption. 201-207