=Plant No. 4.=--The accompanying vignette and ground plan are illustrative of an alongside deep water export plant. The photograph of front view illustrates the loading facilities which show ramps or inclines upon which conveyors are operated. These endless chains convey beef in quarter to the wharf at right angles thereto, where it is picked off the rail by ship’s tackle and lowered into the ship’s chambers. Discussing the plant arrangement, note the position of the slaughter house with relation to the coolers and trace the movement of the products to the coolers, rendering, wool house. Also the further movement of the products to shipment. Particular attention is called to the arrows indicating the direction of growth of every department without disarranging the first intention as to movement, and minimizing the labor on the extended plant. [Illustration: FIG. 13.--PLANT NO. 4, SHOWING DEEP WATER EXPORT PLANT.] The steam producing department is in close proximity to the steam using buildings, viz: Power Department, Rendering House, Fertilizer and Slaughter House. Preference being given over electricity or refrigeration which can be transmitted longer distances at less loss. =How to Build.=--The question of design being settled the next matter of importance is the one involving the materials to be used in construction. That becomes a matter of investment and permanent size or location of the buildings. Fireproof buildings are desirable on account of low cost of upkeep and a lower insurance rate. They are permanent in every way, but the difficult question is that of modifying, provided changes become necessary. [Illustration: FIG. 14.--PLANT NO. 4, GROUND PLAN FOR EXPORT PACKING HOUSE.] =Fireproof Design.=--If decision is made for a fireproof building, re-inforced concrete is the first suggestion owing to its universal use as a building material, but there are several points to be given serious consideration before reaching a decision. One of these points being how to insulate so as to prevent losses. This matter will be taken up in a subsequent chapter describing a cold storage warehouse of eminent design. It is one of great importance. =Advantages of Fireproof Construction.=--The fireproof buildings have naturally a very great advantage in permanence from a standpoint of cost of upkeep and insurance charges, and from the greater loss of a cessation of business incident to destruction by fire. In most plants there are sufficient departments of such staple character so unlikely to be changed that it appears judicious to make them fireproof. =Slow Burning Construction.=--Many people are quite content with buildings of moderate height of slow burning construction; otherwise, a modified type of “mill construction” and with the use of sprinkler systems which minimize the insurance costs.