The modern packing house : $b A complete treatise on the design, construction, equipment and operation of meat packing houses, according to present American praactice, including methods of converting by-products into commercial articlesWilder, F. W. (Fred William)
History
The modern packing house : $b A complete treatise on the design, construction, equipment and operation of meat packing houses, according to present American praactice, including methods of converting by-products into commercial articles
Wilder, F. W. (Fred William)
Packing-houses
Taking advantage of water once raised to a high level in its return to
service is a power saving. For example: It is usual to locate ammonia
condensers at a point where there is a good circulation of air. This
is done to permit the winds to carry away the moist air from about the
condensers, together with the heat delivered up through it and to the
air by the discharged gas from the ammonia compressors. From the catch
pan beneath the ammonia condenser the water can be diverted through
the steam condenser and if the shell be bought sufficiently strong
in the case of a closed condenser, the water can be delivered to the
suction side of a pump which in turn will deliver it for house use for
cleansing purposes. If a barometric condenser is used, the water is
delivered to a hot well from whence it can be pumped or flow to sewer.
=Pumps For Boiler Feeding.=--Dependent upon the size of plant and the
pressure carried pumps are usually provided as follows:
Small boiler plant up to 500 H. P. low pressures. Steam 80 to 125
lbs. simplex or duplex piston packed reciprocating pumps.
Medium Boiler Plant up to 1,000 to 1,500 H. P. steam 125 to 150
pounds simplex or duplex outside piston packed reciprocating pumps.
Over 1,500 H. P. the same or centrifugal type multi-stage pump motor
or steam driven.
=Heating Boiler Feed Water.=--Every plant, large or small, should be
equipped with boiler water heating devices. These are so common and the
practice so usual that it is scarcely necessary to mention it but the
writer has seen plants where the exhaust steam from pumps and engines
was being thrown to the air and feed water pumped into boilers at low
temperatures. There are two types: closed and open. In the first named
the water is circulated through tubes enclosed in a vessel, the tubes
surrounded by steam. In the open type the steam is brought in direct
contact with the water and performs the heating in this manner. The
closed types are used on the principle that no oil carried in the steam
is passed to the boilers, but the latter type are usually equipped with
an oil separator that eliminates the oil and prevents danger from this
source.
=Wells.=--In most instances wells of various depths from 80 to 2,000
feet will find water. A few localities, however, do not yield water via
wells and this is a poor situation from a packing house standpoint.
The water from surface or shallow wells is, at times, improper for use
on meats owing to contamination, in which case, resort must be made
to other sources. In some localities the neighboring streams yield
suitable waters but in this case sewage contamination must be guarded
against. The quality of boiler supply water is an important factor in
the boiler operation in its bearing to shutdowns for cleaning, blowing
down, repairs, etc., all of which contribute to or impair economy.
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