The Molecular Tactics of a CrystalKelvin, William Thomson, Baron
Science
The Molecular Tactics of a Crystal
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron
Crystallography, Mathematical
Suppose now a homogeneous assemblage of the given bodies, in open
order with no contacts, to be arbitrarily made according to any nine
arbitrarily chosen values for the six distances between a point of
_S_{1}_ and the corresponding points of its six pairs of nearest and
next nearest neighbours (§ 1 above), and the three angles (§ 9 above)
specifying the orientation of each body relatively to rows of the
assemblage. We may choose in any nine rows through _S_{1}_ any nine
pairs of bodies at equal distances on the two sides of _S_{1}_ far or
near, for the eighteen bodies which are to be in contact with _S_{1}_.
Hence there is an infinite number of solutions of the problem of which
only a finite number can be real. Every solution of the problem of
eighteen contacts is imaginary when the shape is wholly convex.
[Illustration: FIG. 13.]
§ 36. Without for a moment imagining the molecules of matter to be
hard solids of convex shape, we may derive valuable lessons in the
tactics of real crystals by studying the assemblage described in §§
24 and 25 and represented in Figs. 12 and 13. I must for the present
forego the very attractive subject of the tactics presented by faces
not parallel to one or other of the four faces of the primitive
tetrahedrons which we found in § 24, and ask you only to think of the
two sides of a plate of crystal parallel to any one of them, that is to
say, an assemblage of such layers as those represented geometrically
in Fig. 12 and shown in stereoscopic view in Fig. 13. If, as is the
case with the solids[10] photographed in Fig. 13, the under side of
each solid is nearly plane but slightly convex, and the top is somewhat
sharply curved, we have the kind of difference between the upper and
under of the two parallel sides of the crystal which I have already
described to you in § 21 above. In this case the assemblage is formed
by letting the solids fall down from above and settle in the hollows to
which they come most readily, or which give them the stablest position.
It would, we may suppose, be the hollows _p′ q′ r′_, not _p q r_, (Fig.
12) that would be chosen; and thus, of the two formations described in
§ 25, we should have that in which the hollows above _p′ q′ r′_ are
occupied by the comparatively flat under sides of the molecules of
the layer above, and the hollows below the apertures _p q r_ by the
comparatively sharp tops of the molecules of the layers below.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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