The Molecular Tactics of a CrystalKelvin, William Thomson, Baron
Science
The Molecular Tactics of a Crystal
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron
Crystallography, Mathematical
§ 37. For many cases of natural crystals of the wholly asymmetric
character, the true forces between the crystalline molecules will
determine precisely the same tactics of crystallization as would be
determined by the influence of gravity and fluid viscosity in the
settlement from water, of sand composed of uniform molecules of the
wholly unsymmetrical convex shape represented in Figs. 12 and 13.
Thus we can readily believe that a real crystal which is growing
by additions to the face seen in Fig. 12, would give layer after
layer regularly as I have just described. But if by some change of
circumstances the plate, already grown to a thickness of many layers in
this way, should come to have the side facing _from_ us in the diagram
exposed to the mother-liquor, or mother-gas, and begin to grow from
that face, the tactics might probably be that each molecule would find
its resting-place with its most nearly plane side in the wider hollows
under _p′ q′ r′_, instead of with its sharpest corner in the narrower
and steeper hollows under _p q r_, as are the molecules in the layer
below that shown in the diagram in the first formation. The result
would be a compound crystal consisting of two parts, of different
crystalline quality, cohering perfectly together on the two sides of
an interfacial plane. It seems probable that this double structure may
be found in nature, presented by crystals of the wholly unsymmetric
class, though it may not hitherto have been observed or described in
crystallographic treatises.
[Illustration: FIG. 14.]
§ 38. This asymmetric double crystal becomes simply the well-known
symmetrical ‘twin-crystal’[11] in the particular case in which each of
the constituent molecules is symmetrical on the two sides of a plane
through it parallel to the plane of our diagrams, and also on the two
sides of some plane perpendicular to this plane. We see, in fact, that
in this case if we cut in two the double crystal by the plane of Fig.
14, and turn one part ideally through 180° round the intersection of
these two planes, we bring it into perfect coincidence with the other
part.
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