I did not say that the practicing psychologist knows the whole anatomy
of man’s desires. For the most part he takes the word of his clients
as to what they want, and then goes ahead. I simply do not ask what
other demands of human nature may possibly exist. At the same time I
must admit that, in order to find the economical way to handle the
human factor in any situation, I must always take account of a complex
of instincts. The farther I go in my work, too, the more complicated
the instincts appear to be. For example, we are discovering that the
workman wants out of his work a great many things besides wages, even
things that wages won’t buy. As yet, however, we are not sure that
the capitalist (except a queer one now and then) desires anything but
profits. The acquisitive instinct seems completely to explain the
conduct of business.
A Biological Psychologist:
What has just been said illustrates the need of an inclusive point of
view from which to approach the problem of the instincts. Biology,
in its concept of adjustment, presents us with such a point of view.
All living beings exhibit a push towards the maintenance and the
reproduction of themselves. Thus, there are two great trunk-roots of
behavior, the demand for self-maintenance (at base the requirement of
food), and the demand for reproduction. Where reproduction is sexual,
we may say that food and sex, broadly considered, contain the clue to
all behavior. It is necessary, of course, to perceive that each of
these trunk-roots divides into branches and subdivides into rootlets.
Thus, food-getting includes accumulation for future use, and so it
founds what is sometimes called the acquisitive instinct. Rivalry,
jealousy, and pugnacity belong to the same trunk-root. On the other
hand, the reproductive drive differentiates into complex activities of
courtship, the care of offspring, the family organization, and all the
social institutions that have sprung from it.
The Sphinx:
You puzzle me. I haven’t been hungry or amorous since the pyramids were
built, and I know I never wanted offspring. The only thing I’ve really
wanted for these thousands of years is to know what man is--that is,
what he really wants. At this minute I’m all excited about a particular
aspect of this general question of mine: Does man himself, or only this
queer head of mine, want to know what he wants? And if so, of which of
the two trunk-roots of instinct is this a rootlet?
An Analytical Psychologist:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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