The question just asked by our venerable friend reinforces a
consideration that I have many times presented in our Sodality.
Psychology cannot be satisfied to work within the very broad categories
of biology; she must find her categories within the specific material
with which she deals, and she must pursue her analyses to the end--that
is, until the simple elements are laid bare. Pursuing this truly
scientific procedure, she finds that mind is a general term for
aggregates of sense-elements on the one hand and elementary drives on
the other. These drives, inherited, of course, and having biological
significance, are more numerous than we once supposed. Each of the
so-called trunk-roots is in reality a cluster of roots, and there are
others not contained in either cluster. The sex-instinct knows nothing
of offspring; does not look forward to progeny nor provide care for the
young--often quite the opposite. These things are managed by another
set of instincts. Moreover, food-getting is not the only sort of
instinctive getting. Curiosity, the prime root of science, is obviously
instinctive. Therefore we may affirm that the trouble with The Sphinx’s
head is the unrest of an unsatisfied instinct.
A Single-Track Behaviorist:
This makes me as tired as it must make The Sphinx. Instincts, forsooth!
An instinct is nothing but a name for a class of responses; it does
not do anything nor explain anything. You can have as many or as few
instincts as you like by choosing your method of classifying behavior.
In fact, the whole notion that desires, instinctive or other, explain
the occurrence of anything is simply a leftover from the belief in
flitting ghosts who did things in the dark but never where you could
see just what was happening. Bring the facts into the light, and what
do you see (for I know nothing but what I see and touch)? You behold
in our behavior nothing whatever but a few reflex movements modified
in numerous ways by the conditions, purely physical, under which they
occur. Behavior, which is change of place, has to be explained from
within its own genus, which is, change of place. This is the last
mountain height of psychology; climb up here, and you shall see that
there are no desires, no wants. Men don’t want anything; a want is
nothing but a bit of vocal or sub-vocal behavior.
The Sphinx:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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