[Footnote 30: Gestil, a famous sea king or pirate.] [Footnote 31: _Th_areyiar-fioerd (_orig._), perhaps a mistake for Faroeyiar-fioerd. Torfaeus read it Barreyiarfiord.] [Footnote 32: _i.e._, the column of pillars, perhaps the island Staffa.] [Footnote 33: _i.e._, the promontory of deer, now Durnish.] [Footnote 34: 7th of July.] [Footnote 35: The Norwegians computed by winters: the Scotch did the same, as we see by Winton's chronicle: "Thretty winters and four than Edan regnyd Max Gowran." ] [Footnote 36: Val-drosar (_orig._), the Goddesses of Fate, or Valkyriae, to whom armour was supposed sacred.] [Footnote 37: _i.e._, Tribute--Ringa elldingom, (_orig._), bright rings: _Ringa_ signify not only rings, or bracelets, but also money; for before the introduction of coinage into the North, very thick spiral gold wires were worn round the wrists of great men, who distributed bits to those who performed any signal service; and such a wire is still to be seen in the Royal Museum at Copenhagen. It is not always easy to discern when by _ringa_ is understood ornaments for the fingers, bracelets, rings of investiture, or the current money of the times.] [Footnote 38: _i.e._, the islet, a monastery near Bergen.] [Footnote 39: Afterwards chancellor of Norway.] [Footnote 40: Probably the son of Dugal, the son of Somerled.] [Footnote 41: The father of King Dugal was Rory, I suppose. See notes on pages 34 and 42.] [Footnote 42: Nephew to Sturla author of the Ravens-ode. He attended Haco in this expedition.] [Footnote 43: _i.e._ ships.] [Footnote 44: _i.e._ sails.] [Footnote 45: Bla-dufor (_orig._), _i.e._ Blue pigeons. The Scalds frequently compared ships under sail to birds, horses, and other animals in motion.] [Footnote 46: _i.e._ gold.] [Footnote 47: _i.e._ ship.] [Footnote 48: Kirkio-vog (_orig._) _i.e._ Church-bay. Kirkwall.] [Footnote 49: Breida-fiardar (_orig._), _i.e._ Broad bay. The firth of Forth.] [Footnote 50: St Olave's day, July 29.] [Footnote 51: Mula in Irish and Icelandic signifies a cape or beak.] [Footnote 52: Kata-nes (_orig._), _i.e._ the promontory of Cadtav or Cathness. Cathness was particularly exposed to the inroads of the Norwegians. On this account great numbers of the inhabitants retired into Murray and the adjacent counties, where they were afterwards known by the name of Clan-Chattan.] [Footnote 53: _i.e._, the promontory, or Cathness.] [Footnote 54: Baug-gerdar (_orig._), _i.e._ imposer of rings. _Baug_ signifies anything circular, therefore, in compounded words, it is not easy to discern when it denotes rings or shields, &c. See note on _ringa_, p. 19.] [Footnote 55: This eclipse happened on the 5th of August 1263.] [Footnote 56: St Laurence's wake or vigil, 9th of Aug.] [Footnote 57: Cathness by the ancient Britons was called Pentir, _i.e._ the headland, whence the neighbouring firth had its name.] [Footnote 58: _i.e._ John the Queen, perhaps the ancestor of the McQueens.]