The Old Humanities and the New ScienceOsler, William, Sir
Philosophy
The Old Humanities and the New Science
Osler, William, Sir
Classical education; Science
What does the community at large, so careful of your comforts, expect
from you? Surely the honey-dew and the milk of paradise secreted from
your classical exudatoria, which we lap up greedily in recensions,
monographs, commentaries, histories, translations, and brochures. Among
academic larvæ you have for centuries absorbed the almost undivided
interest of the nest, and not without reason, for the very life of the
workers depends on the hormones you secrete. Though small in number,
your group has an enormous kinetic value, like our endocrine organs. For
man's body, too, is a humming hive of working cells, each with its
specific function, all under central control of the brain and heart, and
all dependent on materials called hormones (secreted by small, even
insignificant-looking structures) which lubricate the wheels of life.
For example, remove the thyroid gland just below the Adam's apple, and
you deprive man of the lubricants which enable his thought-engines to
work--it is as if you cut off the oil-supply of a motor--and gradually
the stored acquisitions of his mind cease to be available, and within a
year he sinks into dementia. The normal processes of the skin cease,
the hair falls, the features bloat, and the paragon of animals is
transformed into a shapeless caricature of humanity. These essential
lubricators, of which a number are now known, are called hormones--you
will recognize from its derivation how appropriate is the term.
Now, the men of your guild secrete materials which do for society at
large what the thyroid gland does for the individual. The Humanities are
the hormones. Our friend Mr. P. S. Allen read before this Association a
most suggestive paper on the historical evolution of the word
"Humanism." I like to think of the pleasant-flavoured word as embracing
all the knowledge of the ancient classical world--what man knew of
nature as well as what he knew of himself. Let us see what this
university means by the _Literæ Humaniores_. The "Greats" papers for the
past decade make interesting study. With singular uniformity there is
diversity enough to bear high tribute to the ingenuity of the examiners.
But, comparing the subjects in 1918 with those in the first printed
papers of the school in 1831, one is surprised to find them the
same--practically no change in the eighty-seven years! Compare them,
again, with the subjects given in John Napleton's "Considerations" in
1773--no change! and with the help of Rashdall we may trace the story of
the studies in arts, only to find that as far back as 1267, with
different names sometimes, they have been through all the centuries
essentially the same--Greek and Latin authors, logic, rhetoric, grammar,
and the philosophies, natural, moral, and metaphysical--practically the
seven liberal arts for which, as you may see by the names over the
doors, Bodley's building provided accommodation. Why this invariableness
in an ever-turning world? One of the marvels, so commonplace that it has
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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