§ 2. _Magic and Religion._—Frazer’s hypothesis as to the superseding of Magic by Religion. Reasons for dissenting. Alternative hypothesis. Caprice of spirits the essential distinction of Animism 193-7 § 3. _Ideas and Practices of Magic adopted by Animism._—Invisible force. Power of charms ascribed to spirits. Omens first magical, then spiritual warnings. Spells become prayers. Magical rites become religious ceremonies 197-203 § 4. _Retrogradation._—Wundt’s theory explains the loss in many cases of animistic ideas; Fetiches; Omens; Prayers; religious ceremonies 203-7 § 5. _Spirits know Magic, teach it, and inspire Magicians._—Examples of spirits knowing and teaching Magic. Inspiration and possession 207-12 § 6. _Spirits operate by Magic._—Possession; smiting; metamorphosis; charms and spells 212-16 § 7. _Spirits are controlled by Magic._—Biological necessity of controlling spirits—by fear—or by Magic. Analogy with politics. The higher barbaric religions. Magico-legal control of gods. Idea of Fate. Free-will and uniformity 216-24 CHAPTER VII OMENS 225 § 1. _The Prevalence of Omens_ everywhere, in all ages. Examples 225-6 § 2. _Omens and Natural Signs._—Natural signs all-important to hunters; and Omens are imaginary signs 226-7 § 3. _Some Signs Conceived of as Magical._—By coincidence some events become signs of others by a mysterious and infallible tie. Moods of elation or depression favour belief in Omens; their validity may depend upon acceptance. Antiquity of subjective Omens. Whatever causes elation or depression is ominous. Coincidence and analogy 227-32 § 4. _Differentiation of Omens from General Magic._—Omens are classed with charms, rites and spells, but distinguished by being signs only, not causes. Other differences 232-4 § 5. _Omens Interpreted by Animism._—Omens resemble warnings—at first given by friendly animals, then by spirits, hence connected with Oracles and Dreams 234-8 § 6. _Natural and Artificial Omens_—Natural Omens not being always at hand, means are discovered for obtaining them at any time; _e. g._ Dice, Hepatomancy, Astrology 238-40