Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
Such bitter jesting is quite in keeping with the Greek language; the
Greeks were particularly fond of attributing appropriate life and action
to types of living things that figured on their coins[299].
[Illustration: Fig. 8. Persian “archer.”]
The best known instance of a play on such a nickname is that of
Agesilaus of Sparta, who complained that he had been driven out of Asia
by thirty thousand of the Great King’s archers, a colloquial name for
the Persian gold stater or Daric (fig. 8), derived from its type[300].
In Athens itself we find Euripides, in a fragment of the _Sciron_,
playing on the double meaning of “virgin,” as also on that of “pony”
(πῶλος), the colloquial name of the Corinthian drachma, that bore on one
side the image of the winged steed Pegasus:
Some you will secure if you offer a pony,
others with a pair of horses, while others are brought
on four horses, all of silver; and they love
the maidens from Athens when you bring plenty of them.
The reverse type of the Athenian drachma is punned upon by Aristophanes,
who speaks of the owls of Laurium nesting in the purses of the Athenians
and hatching small change[301]. In 404 B.C., during the final operations
against Athens, Gylippus, the hero of the siege of Syracuse,
misappropriated a large amount of Athenian coin, and hid it under the
tiles of his roof. The theft was revealed by a servant, who informed the
ephors that “there were many owls nesting under the tiles[302].”
These examples are enough to show that there is nothing improbable in
the suggestion that the Phye story grew out of a remark made by the
tyrant’s enemies about his silver drachmae. Our explanation is of course
pure conjecture, and even at that it has one weak point. The statement
that Phye was a Thracian, so essential to our interpretation, does not
appear in Herodotus, according to whom she came from the Paianian deme
in Attica[303].
Can this omission be accounted for?
There is an anecdote told by Herodotus in quite another connexion[304]
which suggests that it can.
[Sidenote: (iii) the story of the dressed-up woman]
In the days just after King Darius had made his conquests in Thrace
(about 512 B.C.), there lived on the banks of the Strymon two brothers
named Pigres and Mantyes, who wished to become tyrants of the land in
which they lived. To carry out this aim “they went to Sardis, taking
with them their sister, who was tall and handsome.” Then waiting till
Darius was sitting in state before the city, having dressed up their
sister as well as they possibly could, they sent her for water with a
pitcher on her head and leading a horse with her hand and spinning flax.
She was noticed by the king, but the result was that he sent an
expedition to her country, and deported her people to Asia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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