Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
If the consultation is about a lost or stolen article or
concerning a woman who has absented herself from her husband,
or some similar thing, here enters the gift of false prophecy,
and the divining that has been pointed out in the preceding
treatises; the divination is made in one of two ways, either
by means of a trance or by drinking peyote or ololiuhqui or
tobacco to attain this end, or commanding that another drink
it, and ordering him to remain under its spell; and in all this
goes implicitly hand in hand the pact with the devil who by
means of said drinks appears to them and speaks to them, giving
them to understand that he who speaks to them is the ololiuhqui
or the peyote or whatever beverage that they had drunk for the
said end; and the sorry part of it is that many put faith in
[the drink] as in the very lying cheats themselves, [indeed]
even more than in the evangelical predicators.
As we move farther north in Mexico the use of peyote in prophesying
becomes valuable in warning of the approach of the enemy.[8] For the
Tarahumari Lumholtz[9] says that the various kinds of hikori were
particularly good “to drive off wizards, robbers, and Apaches, and to
ward off disease.” Of _Anhalonium fissuratum_ he says “robbers are
powerless against it, for Sunami calls soldiers to its aid,” while the
variety Rosapara “is particularly effective in frightening off Apaches
and robbers.”
In the Comanche version of the usual Plains origin tale of peyote, the
leader of a group on the war-path goes up alone to an Apache camp where
a peyote ceremony is in progress. Though an enemy, he is invited in, the
leader telling him that peyote had predicted his coming in a vision.[10]
One Comanche informant said eating peyote enables one to _hear_ an enemy
coming, though still far away; peyote likewise predicted the success of
one of the last Comanche horse-raids, and aided in its prosecution.
From these uses of peyote in war it is no jump to its fetishistic use as
a protector in war[11] and in ordinary witchcraft. Sahagún[12] writes
that peyote
is a common food of the Chichimecas, for it stimulates them and
gives them sufficient spirit to fight and have neither fear,
thirst, nor hunger, and they say it guards them from all danger.
De la Serna[13] said that ololiuhqui and peyote were carried by persons
“forsaken of God” as charms against all injuries, and Arlegui deplored
the custom of parents to “hang little bags on their children, and inside
of them in place of the four Evangels that they place around the necks of
children in Spain, [to] place peyot or some other herb.” Arias described
a surreptitious worship of the fetish: the natives hung the herb in
the choirs “as a special creation of the malignant spirit which they
designate with the name of Naycuric,” and they communicated with the
numen by drinking an infusion of peyote instead of wine.[14]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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