Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
At dawn the dancing stops at three raps on the shaman’s rasp. All rise
and gather at the east cross. Then the shaman, followed by a boy with a
gourd of palo hediondo medicine (ohnoa roots steeped in water), “cures”
each one with his rasp wetted in the medicine, as they cry, “Thank you!”
The shaman makes three long raspings with his stick on the man’s head;
its dust is so potent in curing that it is carefully gathered from
around the resonator and preserved in buckskin bags. A spoonful of other
medicines is sometimes swallowed as the shaman blows and makes passes;
sometimes tesvino exclusively is used. Blankets are also smoked with
copal now. Then, facing the rising sun, the shaman makes three raspings
at arms’ length, waving home hikuli who had come from the east early in
the morning, riding on green doves, to prevent sorcery in the meeting;
now he turns into a ball and returns, accompanied by the owl. Doctoring
of the sick as well as “curing” may now occur. Then all wash carefully,
and after the shaman sacrifices tortillas and tesvino as they stand in a
line facing east, they all participate in a feast.[50]
COMPARISON OF MEXICAN PEYOTE RITUALS
Huichol peyotism is more intricate and important than Tarahumari, though
it is seasonal only and the latter venerated several varieties of cactus.
The state of the literature advises caution, but a far better case could
be made for the Huichol as a center of diffusion: the neighboring Cora,
for example, had a vigorous peyote rite, while the Tubar, who share
tesvino and the yohe dance with the Tarahumari and otherwise resemble
them culturally, lack it.[51] Beals, however, points out that since the
Cora-Huichol do not live within the region of growth of peyote, they
must have borrowed it; our sole knowledge of Huichol peyotism is modern,
unfortunately, but the Cora rite is known from 1754. On the whole, the
gaps in our knowledge are too great to discuss possible centers of
diffusion of Mexican peyotism; they may, indeed, lie in the little known
area to the northeast.[52]
A relatively full account of the Tamaulipecan rite is extant:[53]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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