CASE II. _Chronic Mania._—W. H., No. 950, aged 68, single, groom. Form of disease, chronic mania, characterised by frequent recurrent attacks of maniacal excitement. _History._—Strong hereditary taint of insanity. Nearly all his brothers and sisters are more or less insane or eccentric. Much given to habits of intemperance, but, although often strange and eccentric, was never sufficiently insane to warrant his being placed in a lunatic asylum until he was 64 years of age, when he was attacked with acute mania and removed to Hayward’s Heath. _Progress._—During the attack of mania under which he was suffering when admitted into the asylum he was treated with small doses (♏︎x) of tincture of digitalis every four hours. The symptoms lasted for nearly three months. He was then calm for many weeks. On the next outbreak of mania, equal parts of liq. opii were added to the digitalis, and with a beneficial effect, the attack not lasting so long. He was thus treated for some two or three years. He generally suffered from three or four attacks in each year. In April 1868 he had an unusually severe attack of excitement, combined with much noise and destruction of clothing. The usual medicines having no effect, he was treated with the subcutaneous injection of morphia (½ gr.) three or four times in the twenty-four hours, and with marked benefit. On the recurrence of the next attack subcutaneous injection was had recourse to at once, and the period of excitement was reduced to little over a fortnight. The next attack passed off in an equally satisfactory manner. In the January of the present year an attack of recurrent mania being evidently imminent, the old treatment of digitalis and opium was tried for fully a fortnight, but without benefit. On February 8th ½ gr. of morphia was injected, and the injection continued every six hours, and on February 10th (to quote from the case-book) he was decidedly improved and free from excitement and noise. Not only, therefore, is the duration of the attack of recurrent mania diminished in this case, but during the attack the excitement is much less intense under the hypodermic method of treatment. CASE III. _Melancholia._—M. T., No. 1,397, female, aged 57, married, domestic servant. Form of disease, acute recurrent melancholia. _History._—No hereditary taint of insanity. Has been insane and confined in asylums three or four times. She is temperate in her habits, and her attacks of insanity appear to have followed on most occasions the puerperal condition, but the present illness is stated to be due to family troubles. _Progress._—On admission she was suffering from the most acute type of melancholia, combined with insomnia, refusal of food, and a strong suicidal tendency. Moreover she was in a poor physical condition, having lost much in weight, and being thin and anæmic.