The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
_There are many other facts beside the phenomena of contrast_ which
prove that _when two objects act together on us the sensation which
either would give alone becomes a different sensation_. A certain
amount of skin dipped in hot water gives the perception of a certain
heat. More skin immersed makes the heat much more intense, although
of course the water's heat is the same. A certain extent as well
as intensity, in the quantity of the stimulus is requisite for any
quality to be felt. Fick and Wunderli could not distinguish heat
from touch when both were applied through a hole in a card, and so
confined to a small part of the skin. Similarly there is a _chromatic
minimum_ of size in objects. The image they cast on the retina must
needs have a certain extent, or it will give no sensation of color
at all. Inversely, more intensity in the outward impression may make
the subjective object more extensive. This happens, as will be shown
in Chapter XIX, when the illumination is increased: The whole room
expands and dwindles according as we raise or lower the gas-jet. It is
not easy to explain any of these results as illusions of judgment due
to the inference of a wrong objective cause for the sensation which we
get. No more is this easy in the case of Weber's observation that a
thaler laid on the skin of the forehead feels heavier when cold than
when warm; or of Szabadföldi's observation that small wooden disks
when heated to 122° Fahrenheit often feel heavier than those which are
larger but not thus warmed;[33] or of Hall's observation that a heavy
point moving over the skin seems to go faster than a lighter one moving
at the same rate of speed.[34]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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