The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
Bleuler and Lehmann some years ago called attention to a strange
idiosyncrasy found in some persons, and consisting in the fact that
impressions on the eye, skin, etc., were accompanied by distinct
sensations of _sound_.[35] _Colored hearing_ is the name sometimes
given to the phenomenon, which has now been repeatedly described. Quite
lately the Viennese aurist Urbantschitsch has proved that these cases
are only extreme examples of a very general law, and that all our
sense-organs influence each other's sensations.[36] The hue of patches
of color so distant as not to be recognized was immediately, in U.'s
patients, perceived when a tuning-fork was sounded close to the ear.
Sometimes, on the contrary, the field was darkened by the sound. The
acuity of vision was increased, so that letters too far off to be read
could be read when the tuning-fork was heard. Urbantschitsch, varying
his experiments, found that their results were mutual, and that sounds
which were on the limits of audibility became audible when lights of
various colors were exhibited to the eye. Smell, taste, touch, sense
of temperature, etc., were all found to fluctuate when lights were
seen and sounds were heard. Individuals varied much in the degree and
kind of effect produced, but almost every one experimented on seems to
have been in some way affected. The phenomena remind one somewhat of
the 'dynamogenic' effects of sensations upon the strength of muscular
contraction observed by M. Féré, and later to be described. The most
familiar examples of them seem to be the increase of _pain_ by noise
or light, and the increase of _nausea_ by all concomitant sensations.
Persons suffering in any way instinctively seek stillness and darkness.
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