The bleak shores unprogressive--Now as at the beginning--York Factory--Description of Ballantyne--The weather--Summer comes with a rush--Picking up subsistence--The Indian trade--Inhospitable Labrador--Establishment of Ungava Bay--McLean at Fort Chimo--Herds of cariboo--Eskimo rafts--"Shadowy Tartarus"--The king's domains--Mingan--Mackenzie--The gulf settlements--The Moravians--Their four missions--Rigolette, the chief trading post--A school for developing character--Chief Factor Donald A. Smith--Journeys along the coast--A barren shore 376 CHAPTER XXXVIII. ATHABASCA, MACKENZIE RIVER, AND THE YUKON. Peter Pond reaches Athabasca River--Fort Chipewyan established--Starting point of Alexander Mackenzie--The Athabasca Library--The Hudson's Bay Company roused--Conflict at Fort Wedderburn--Suffering--The dash up the Peace River--Fort Dunvegan--Northern extension--Fort Resolution--Fort Providence--The great river occupied--Loss of life--Fort Simpson, the centre--Fort Reliance--Herds of cariboo--Fort Norman built--Fort Good Hope--The Northern Rockies--The Yukon reached and occupied--The fierce Liard River--Fort Halkett in the Mountains--Robert Campbell comes to the Stikine--Discovers the Upper Yukon--His great fame--The districts--Steamers on the water stretches 386 CHAPTER XXXIX. ON THE PACIFIC SLOPE. Extension of trade in New Caledonia--The Western Department--Fort Vancouver built--Governor's residence and Bachelors' Hall--Fort Colville--James Douglas, a man of note--A dignified official--An Indian rising--A brave woman--The fertile Columbia Valley--Finlayson, a man of action--Russian fur traders--Treaty of Alaska--Lease of Alaska to the Hudson's Bay Company--Fort Langley--The great farm--Black at Kamloops--Fur trader _v._ botanist--"No soul above a beaver's skin"--A tragic death--Chief Nicola's eloquence--A murderer's fate 399 CHAPTER XL. FROM OREGON TO VANCOUVER ISLAND. Fort Vancouver on American soil--Chief Factor Douglas chooses a new site--Young McLoughlin killed--Liquor selling prohibited--Dealing with the Songhies--A Jesuit father--Fort Victoria--Finlayson's skill--Chinook jargon--The brothers Ermatinger--A fur-trading Junius--"Fifty-four, forty, or fight"--Oregon Treaty--Hudson's Bay Company indemnified--The waggon road--A colony established--First governor--Gold fever--British Columbia--Fort Simpson--Hudson's Bay Company in the interior--The forts--A group of worthies--Service to Britain--The coast becomes Canadian 408 CHAPTER XLI. PRO GLORIA DEI.