The great cholera epidemic of 1848-9 had deeply stirred public feeling in London. It had destroyed 14,600 people (and diarrhoea, its satellite, had destroyed many thousands more), and it had been "accompanied by an amount of sickness and physical misery beyond computation." But even all its horrors, and all the proofs it afforded of the desperately insanitary condition of the masses in the metropolis, were not sufficient to induce the Government to depart from its policy of neglect, or to wring from Parliament measures which would lay the basis for the alleviation of the sufferings of the working population of the metropolis, or which would remove even a small part of the evils which fell so heavily upon those least able to sustain them, and least able to remove them. The health of London was becoming worse every year. The number of persons dying from preventable disease had been steadily increasing. One gleam of hope there was, however. An increasing number of persons were becoming interested in the health of the people, and were awakening to the gravity of the subject, and to the public discredit and inhuman scandal of the existing condition of things--an awakening of interest which, in February, 1850, reached to the extent of a public meeting. The Bishop of London presided, and the meeting was rendered the more remarkable by speeches from Lord Ashley, then actively pressing sanitary and social questions forward, and by Charles Dickens. Lord Ashley said:-- "The condition of the metropolis, in a sanitary point of view, was not only perilous to those who resided in it, but it was an absolute disgrace to the century in which they lived. It was a disgrace to their high-sounding professions of civilisation and morality. They were surrounded by every noxious influence--they were exposed to every deadly pestilence.... The water they drank, the air they breathed, the surface they walked on, and the ground beneath the surface, all were tainted and rife with the seeds of disease and death.... "Let them look at another abomination--the existence of putrefying corpses in graveyards and in vaults amidst the habitations of the living--an abomination discountenanced by all the civilisation of modern days, as it was by that of the ancient days--the practice of intramural interments. "Could anything be worse than the graveyards of the metropolis? Under a surface of ground not amounting to 250 acres there had been interred within thirty years in the metropolis far more than 1,500,000 human beings. What must be the condition of the atmosphere affected by the exhalations from that surface?... "And what were the financial and social consequences of allowing such a state of things to exist? "At least one-third of the pauperism of the country arose from the defective sanitary condition of large multitudes of the people...." Charles Dickens said:--