MUSCOVITE MICA.--This is sometimes called potash- or alumino-alkaline mica, composed of the silicates of alumina, alkalies, iron, and magnesia; the proportion of silica ranges from 45 to 50 per cent. It may usually be distinguished at sight from biotite by its silvery white or light brown colour. When large enough, both the micas mentioned may be split up into thin plates, muscovite yielding large transparent sheets. Compared with all other constituents of brick-earth, the micas are bright and of semi-metallic lustre. Muscovite is more durable than biotite, and is much more frequently met with in brick-earths, especially in the sandy varieties. The influence of mica in the kiln is not of much importance in ordinary brickmaking; in general its alkaline character renders it fusible, though a high temperature is necessary at all times to effect that. In china-clay mica is regarded as a nuisance, and in breaking down the material it is separated in the washing process by running water, the mineral collecting in depressions or basins, called “micas.” When muscovite contains much fluorine, as it frequently does, it is very undesirable in clays for high-class purposes. At the best of times the proportion of iron in mica is sufficient to mar the quality of the otherwise most excellent clays. In the kiln, or porcelain furnace, the presence of mica (more particularly biotite) is apt to create yellow and brown specks, or a species of mottling. It is highly satisfactory, therefore, to note that these little shiny flakes may be easily floated off by a moderate amount of care in washing, and thus separated from the other constituents of the clay. IRON. Except in regard to white kaolin clays, nearly all earths used in brickmaking contain more or less iron, which is usually present as protoxide in many mineral constituents. The colouring matter of clays is generally iron in some form, and blue clays weather into brown by the alteration of that mineral. It is unnecessary for us to consider the various minerals of the iron group; all we need do is to state the mode of occurrence of iron oxides in clays and earths, to consider a variety known as iron-pyrite, and the general effects of ferruginous minerals in the kiln.