Marcellus recommends for lepra a composition containing equal parts of natron, frankincense, litharge, and sulphur pounded with vinegar. Vegetius says that the scabies of cattle “contagiosa est et transit in plures.” Probably Virgil alludes to the scab of sheep in this line: “Nec mala vicini pecoris contagia lædant.” (Ecl. i.) He mentions, as remedies for it, sulphur, litharge, pitch, hellebore, &c. (Georg. iii, 449.) See also Geopon. (xvi, 18, xviii, 15); Columella (viii, 5); and Gratius (Cyneget. 412). Isidorus gives the following definitions of the complaints we have been treating of: “_Lepra_ vero cutis asperitas squammosa lepidi similis unde nomen accepit: cujus color nunc in nigridinem vertitur, nunc in alborem, nunc in ruborem. _Scabies_ tenuis asperitas et squammata est. Impetigo est sicca scabies; prominens a corpore cum asperitate et rotunditate formæ. Hanc vulgus _sarnam_ appellat.” Justin applies the terms _vitiligo_ and _scabies_ to the diseases treated of in this chapter. See Hist. (xxxvi, 2.) We now turn to the Arabians. In the Latin translation of Serapion, lepra and psora are described under the generic term of “impetigines in quibus excoriatur et scinditur cutis;” but they are further distinguished from one another by the specific titles of _albaras_ nigra and pruritus. The former is characterized as arising from the melancholic humour, and as casting off round scales. The latter is said to consist of pustules, which appear on different parts of the body, are variously figured, and cast off furfuraceous scales. The leuce is described by the name of _baras_, as arising from viscid, pituitous blood, and being produced by a defect of the assimilative faculty. In it the flesh itself is said to be changed to a white colour. If, when pricked with the head of a needle it bleeds, there is a probability of cure; but if it does not bleed, it is incurable. The two alphi are described by the names of _morphea alba_ and _nigra_. The morphea alba resembles the white albaras (leuce) only that in the latter the affection of the skin is more deep-seated, and the hairs in it are turned to a white colour; but in morphea the only change is in the external appearance of the skin. The morphea nigra (melas?) is said to resemble the albaras nigra (lepra nigricans?) only that it is more superficial.