Charles’s army certainly laboured under grave disadvantages. Their guns had all to be dragged by hand; there were provisions for only five days. Between olive groves and the lagoons they moved with a front of but one thousand paces. The groves gave cover to the corsair chief as he moved to outflank the Emperor’s troops. But in appalling heat the Spaniards marched steadily forward. Barbarossa made two desperate attacks, but the Spanish troops stood their ground. The second encounter resulted in total defeat for the Moors and Turks, who recoiled before the deadly fire of the Christians. Turning to re-enter the fortress of Tunis, Barbarossa found it held by the Christian slaves who had risen against him. Tunis was captured, and a heavy blow struck at the power and prestige of the Turk. A projected attack on Algiers had to be abandoned owing to the advancing season. Bona and Biserta, however, were secured, and these together with Goletta were retained by the Spaniards. Tunis itself Charles restored to its one-time ruler, Al-Hassan, who had joined his army in time for the march to the capital. The result of this expedition was peculiarly fortunate for Charles. His reputation as a daring and successful soldier was established; Naples and Sicily looked on him as their saviour. All Europe admired the skill with which he had disposed of the natural ally of the French and checkmated Francis before that astute sovereign’s plans of attack had matured. Jan Vermay, or Vermeyen, the Flemish painter, chosen by Charles to accompany him on his expedition to Tunis, was one of the best-known artists of the first half of the sixteenth century. As Court painter under Margaret of Austria he executed portraits of the Emperor and of every one of importance at the Court, which were sent as gifts to the different sovereigns of Europe. Later he became the special protégé of Mary of Hungary, and afterwards of Charles himself. THE TAPESTRIES Each tapestry has an explanatory legend in Spanish at the top, and a supplementary legend in Latin underneath. Translations of these have been made for the first time by the Conde Valencia de Don Juan.