Tendency towards monarchy--Sertorius and his white fawn--Crassus and his great house--Cicero, the eloquent orator--Verres, the great thief-- How Verres ran away--Catiline the Cruel--Cæsar, the man born to rule-- Looking for gain in confusion--Lepidus flees after the fight of the Mulvian bridge--How the two young men caused gladiators to fight--What Spartacus did--Six thousand crosses--Pompey overawes the senate. XV. PROGRESS OF THE GREAT POMPEY Pompey the principal citizen--Crassus feeds the people at ten thousand tables--How the pirates caught Cæsar, and how Cæsar caught the pirates --Gabinius makes a move--The Manilian law sets Pompey further on-- Mithridates fights and flees--Times of treasons, stratagems, and spoils--Catiline plots--The sacrilege of Clodius--Cæsar pushes himself to the front--The last agrarian law--Cæsar's success in Gaul-- Vercingetorix appears--Cæsar's conquests. XVI. HOW THE TRIUMVIRS CAME TO UNTIMELY ENDS Pompey builds a theatre--Crassus must make his mark--Cato against Cæsar--Curio helps Cæsar--Solemn jugglery of the pontiffs--Curio warm enough--At the Rubicon--Crossing the little river--Pompey stamps in vain--Cato flees from Rome--Metellus stands aside--Pompey killed-- _Veni, vidi, vici_--Honors and plans of Cæsar--The calendar reformed--Cæsar has too much ambition--'T was one of those coronets-- The Ides of March--Antony, the actor--Antony the chief man in Rome-- What next?. XVII. HOW THE REPUBLIC BECAME AN EMPIRE How Octavius became a Cæsar--Agrippa and Cicero give him their help-- Octavius wins the soldiers, and Cicero launches his Philippics--Antony, Lepidus, and Octavius become Triumvirs--Their first work a bloody one-- Cicero falls--Brutus and Cassius defeated at Philippi--Antony forgets Fulvia--Antony and Octavius quarrel and meet for discussion at Tarentum--How Horace travelled to Brundusium--The duration of the Triumvirate extended five years--Cleopatra beguiles Antony a second time--The great battle off Actium--Octavius wins complete power, and a new era begins--The Republic ends. XVIII. SOME MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE ROMAN PEOPLE How did these people live?--The first Roman house--The vestibule and the dark room--The dining-room and the parlor--Rooms for pictures and books--Cooking taken out of the atrium--How the houses were heated and lighted--Life in a villa--The extravagance of the pleasure villa--When a man and a woman had agreed to marry--How the bride dressed and what the groom did--The wife's position and work--The _stola_ and the _toga_--Foot-gear from _soccus_ to _cothurnus_--Breakfast, luncheon, and dinner--The formal dinner--How the Romans travelled, and how they sought office--The law and its penalties. XIX. THE ROMAN READING AND WRITING