The Sun Dance of the Blackfoot IndiansWissler, Clark
Religion
The Sun Dance of the Blackfoot Indians
Wissler, Clark
Siksika Indians; Sun dance
Now, as to the story about the Elk giving the Natoas the robe and
the wristlets used with it. The objection is sometimes made that
this first woman who ran away from her husband to join the Elk was
not a true woman and that the facts are therefore inconsistent with
the ideal of the natoas ritual. Yet, some of our people claim that
the woman was true and that though she went away with the Elk it was
merely for the sake of receiving the ritual and that this is evident
because in the story it tells how she was able to hook down trees by
her magical powers and it is not conceivable that she could do this
if she had not been a true woman.
The ceremonial transfer of the sun dance bundle really begins with the
fasting of the medicine woman on the first day. Neither she nor her
husband are supposed to eat or drink while the sun is visible, and then
but sparingly. On the evening before, they are put to bed by the father
and mother. The mother places the daughter on the south side of the fire
and the father the son on the north side. They must remain in the same
position until morning. Before the sun rises the father and mother go to
the medicine woman's tipi, stand by the door and sing. They sing as they
formally enter, the father raising up the son; the mother, the daughter.
The man is taken out by the father and the daughter by the mother for
the morning toilet. When they return a small amount of food is fed to
the son and daughter, after which the father and mother take a little
food and drink. This must be before sunrise. During the day the son and
especially the daughter must sit quietly in their places with bowed
heads and eyes cast down. She wears a buffalo robe, hair side in,
painted red, covering her head as well as her body. Her hair is not
braided, but hangs down freely except for a horizontal band around the
head. The hair may be allowed to conceal the entire face.
The daughter must do nothing for herself. If she wishes to speak it must
be in almost a whisper in the ear of the mother or other attendant, who
in turn will announce the import, if necessary. A fire is kept burning
in the middle of the tipi, the ears are closely drawn around the smoke
hole, the door closed, and the tipi cover securely staked down at the
edges. Though this keeps the temperature high, the medicine woman cannot
use a fan, but may use the skin of a muskrat to wipe the perspiration
from her face and hands.
During the fasting period no noise must be made in the tipi. All the
attendants must avoid unnecessary conversation and speak in a very
subdued tone; utensils must not be rattled or struck together. Visitors
may enter, but respectfully and quietly. No noises should be made in the
vicinity of the medicine tipi and boisterous acts abstained from in all
parts of the camp circle. If water is brought in the vessel must be
covered. No one should spit in the tipi nor do the other things
forbidden at the ceremony of the tongues.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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