The Sun Dance of the Blackfoot IndiansWissler, Clark
Religion
The Sun Dance of the Blackfoot Indians
Wissler, Clark
Siksika Indians; Sun dance
An older society is called to build the sweathouse. They must not drink
water while engaged in this operation and receive some of the tongues
after the ceremonies of the fourth day. Formerly, these men must have
had a coup to their credit as a qualification and some informants claim
that the sum total for the society should have totalled at least one
hundred, the number of willows. The work begins some time before sunset
by which time the sweathouse should be completed.
The willows are stuck into the ground in an oval and their tops bent
over and interlocked over the top. The ends point toward the east and
the west, an opening or door being provided at each. The willows are
then painted, one side red and the other black. Next, a hole is dug in
the center of the structure for the heated stones. In the meantime, a
small heap of stones mixed with firewood has been placed some distance
to the east. A buffalo skull is painted with red spots on one side and
black on the other. Sagegrass is thrust into the nose and eye-sockets.
Robes are then thrown over the willows and all is ready for the
procession from the medicine woman's tipi.
The procession from the medicine woman's tipi consists of the father and
another man experienced in ceremonial affairs, the husband, the mother
and the medicine woman. They approach slowly and by stages, passing
around the south side of the sweathouse to the north and then to the
east or entrance. All keep their eyes on the ground. The husband walks
with a heavy staff; the medicine woman carries the natoas bundle with a
smudge stick.
The men enter the sweathouse, while the two women go to the west side
and sit down facing the east. The medicine woman is on the north side
with the bundle before her. After the men have entered, the fire is
lighted and some of the attendants (builders of the sweathouse) lift the
buffalo skull to the top of the sweathouse where it faces the east.
Prayers and the usual sweathouse procedure now follow while the stones
and a pail of water are passed in by an attendant. The covers are then
drawn down and the vapor bath taken.
After the ceremony the procession returns to the medicine woman's tipi.
The cover is removed from the sweathouse and the buffalo skull placed on
top where it remains.
Should there be more than one medicine woman, another sweathouse is made
on the east side of the camp circle and the others grouped around them
equally.
Since after the sweathouse ceremony there is formal singing in the tipi
until far into the night, it may be said that during the four days of
the fast the ceremonies begin with the sweathouse at sundown, while on
the fifth day the ceremony begins in the morning and ends at sundown.
To this generalized statement the following account from a Piegan may be
added:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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