The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip IIThompson, James Westfall
History
The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip II
Thompson, James Westfall
France -- History -- Wars of the Huguenots, 1562-1598; Sainte Ligue (1576-1593)
On March 30, 1560, Guido Giannetti, Elizabeth’s secret agent at Venice,
wrote to Cecil, “France will have enough to do in her religious wars
that have just sprung up, which will be worse than the civil war of
the League of the Public Weal, in 1465 under Louis XI.”[172] The
prophecy soon became true. In spite of the formidable preparations made
to continue the war in Scotland,[173] the more necessary since the
death of the queen dowager of Scotland, news of which reached France
on June 18,[174] France—or rather the French party in Scotland—on
July 6, 1560, signed the treaty of Edinburgh, which, so far as
the Guises were concerned, was the renunciation on their part of
aggression abroad.[175] Nothing but the grave state of home politics
could have induced the Guises so to yield the cause of their niece in
Scotland.[176]
The Huguenot issue promised to come to a climax during the summer
of 1560.[177] From all over France came reports of sedition and
insurrection. The Protestants were masters of Provence.[178] The
cardinal Tournon, returning from Rome, dared not bring with him the
cross of the legation, for fear of its meeting with disrespect by
the people of the places through which he would have to pass.[179]
From another source came the report that “very free sermons have been
delivered in the churches of Bayonne.”[180] The bishop of Agen wrote
the council that all the inhabitants of that city were in a state
of furious insurrection; that they went to the churches, destroyed
all the images, and maltreated certain priests. The queen mother
was mysteriously warned that unless she released certain preachers
imprisoned at Troyes she would become the most unhappy princess
living.[181] The Pope’s legate left Avignon in disgust at the license
of the “Lutherans,”[182] and when the pontiff proposed to send thither
the cardinal Farnese, who was willing to go provided a suitable escort
of Italian and Swiss infantry was furnished, France refused to consent,
being unwilling to allow a foreign prince to enter the kingdom on such
a warlike footing.[183]
At the same time the personal attack upon the Guises became more
venomous.[184] The enmity between the Guises and the house of
Montmorency had become so open and proceeded so far, owing to the
dispute about Dammartin, that it was expected they would take up arms.
To crown all, the government received information through several
channels of a design against the King and his ministers of worse
quality than the recent Amboise conspiracy.[185] The information
that came to light caused the greatest anxiety because this time the
evidence seemed strongly to compromise the vidame de Chartres,[186]
and the prince of Condé.[187]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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