The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip IIThompson, James Westfall
History
The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip II
Thompson, James Westfall
France -- History -- Wars of the Huguenots, 1562-1598; Sainte Ligue (1576-1593)
Although the war in Scotland was practically at an end, the Guises
had not relaxed their efforts to raise men and money.[188] Philip II,
knowing what was in progress, seems to have made a partial offer of
assistance. In July fifteen German captains were dispatched beyond the
Rhine, each commissioned to bring back three hundred pistoleers for the
King’s service;[189] letters were sent to the Rhinegrave and Duke John
William of Saxony, urging them to form a league of the German princes
and procure forces in case there should be need of them.[190] La Mothe
Gondrin was sent into Provence and Dauphiné, and another agent into
Champagne, on similar errands.[191] Fifteen hundred men with armor
and munitions were sent to the castle of Guise.[192] The Guises even
endeavored to effect a reconciliation with the constable through the
mediation of the marshal Brissac.[193]
The prevailing alarm was not allayed by the admiral, Gaspard de
Coligny, who at a full council meeting held at Fontainebleau, on
August 20, 1560, presented two petitions,[194] one for the King, the
other for his mother, asking the King, in the matter of religion, to
concede the petitioners two places of worship in two parts of the
kingdom for greater convenience, that they might there exercise their
rites and ceremonies as private congregations, without being molested
by anyone, arguing that meetings in private residences would thus be
obviated.[195] Coligny claimed to speak with authority, having been
officially sent into Normandy by the queen mother to inquire into the
cause of the disturbances there. A hot altercation ensued between the
admiral and the cardinal of Lorraine. Coligny had prudently omitted
signatures to the petition, but declared that he “could get 50,000
persons in Normandy to sign it,” to which the cardinal retorted
that “the King could get a million of his own religion to sign the
contrary.”[196] L’Hôpital, the chancellor, however, deftly diverted
the discussion into a political channel by a long discourse[197] upon
the condition of the realm, comparing it to a sick man, asserting
that the estates were troubled and corrupt, that religious dissidence
existed, that the nobility were dissatisfied, and concluded by saying
that if the source and root of all the calamities visiting France could
be discovered, the remedy would be easy.[198] In reply the cardinal
of Lorraine offered to answer publicly for the administration of the
finances and showed by an abstract of the government accounts that
the ordinary expenses exceeded the revenue by 2,500,000 livres (over
seven and one-half million dollars); his brother, the duke of Guise,
as lieutenant-general, laid papers upon the table with reference to
the army and forces of the kingdom.[199] An adjournment was then taken
until August 23, when, upon reassembling, each member of the Council
was provided with a memorandum containing a list of the topics which
the crown wished to have debated.[200]
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