The Welsh and Their Literature: from The London Quarterly Review, January 1861, American EditionBorrow, George
History
The Welsh and Their Literature: from The London Quarterly Review, January 1861, American Edition
Borrow, George
Welsh literature -- History and criticism
has been preserved, it is impossible to say; it is the opinion, however,
of Cymric scholars of reputation, that certain ancient strains which the
Welsh possess, which are composed in a measure called Englyn milwr, are
either druidical strains or imitations of such. Each of these
compositions is in three lines; the entire pith however of the triplet,
generally consisting of a moral adage or a piece of wholesome advice,
lies in the third line, the two first being composed of trivial and
unconnected expressions. Many of these stanzas are called the stanzas of
‘The Mountain Snow,’ from the circumstance of their commencing with ‘Eiry
Mynydd,’ which has that signification. The three lines rhyme together at
their terminations; and a species of alliteration is observable
throughout. A word or two here on Cymric rhyme and measures.
In Welsh poetry rhyme is found in a twofold shape: there is alliteration,
that is rhyme produced by the same letters following each other at
certain distances in the body of the line, then there is the common
rhyme, produced by two or more lines terminating with the same letters.
In the older Welsh poetry, by which we mean that composed before the
termination of the first millennium, both rhyme and alliteration are
employed, but in a less remarkable manner than in the bardic effusions of
comparatively modern times. The extent to which the bards of the middle
ages, and those of one or two subsequent centuries, carried rhyme and
alliteration seems marvellous to the English versifier. We English think
we have accomplished a great feat in rhyme when we have made three lines
consonant in their terminations; but Dafydd Benfras, or David of the
Thick Head, would make fifty lines rhyme together, and not think that he
had accomplished anything remarkable in rhyming either. Our English
alliterative triumph is the following line, composed by a young lady in
the year 1800, on the occasion of a gentleman of the name of Lee planting
a lane with lilacs:—
‘Let lovely lilacs line Lee’s lonely lane!’
in which not only every word, but every syllable commences with the same
letter—_l_.
But what is this English alliterative triumph of the young lady compared
with the Welsh alliterative triumph of Dafydd Nanmawr, who wrote a poem
of twelve lines, every syllable of which commences with the letter g,
with the exception of the last, which begins with n?
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