"Jane Wood, wife of James Wood, formerly a coal-drawer and
bearer: 'Worked below more than thirty years. I have two
daughters below, who really hate the employment, and often prayed
to leave, but we canna do well without them just now. The severe
work causes women much trouble; they frequently have premature
births. Jenny McDonald, a neighbour, was laid idle six months;
and William King's wife lately died from miscarriage, and a vast
of women suffer from similar causes.'
"Margaret Boxter, fifty years old, coal-hewer: 'I hew the coal;
have done so since my husband failed in his breath; he has been
off work twelve years. I have a son, daughter, and niece working
with me below, and we have sore work to get maintenance. I go
down early to hew the coal for my girls to draw; my son hews
also. The work is not fit for women, and men could prevent it
were they to labour more regular; indeed, men about this place
don't wish wives to work in mines, but the masters seem to
encourage it—at any rate, the masters never interfere to prevent
it.'"
"The different kinds of work to which females are put in South
Wales, are described in the following evidence:—
"Henrietta Frankland, eleven years old, drammer: 'When
well, I draw the drams, (carts,) which contain four to five
hundred-weight of coal, from the heads to the main road; I make
forty-eight to fifty journeys; sister, who is two years older,
works also at dramming; the work is very hard, and the long hours
before the pay-day fatigue us much. The mine is wet where we
work, as the water passes through the roof, and the workings are
only thirty to thirty-three inches high.'
"Mary Reed, twelve years old, air-door keeper: 'Been five years
in the Plymouth mine. Never leaves till the last dram (cart) is
drawn past by the horse. Works from six till four or five at
night. Has run home very hungry; runs along the level or hangs on
a cart as it passes. Does not like the work in the dark; would
not mind the daylight work.'
"Hannah Bowen, sixteen years old, windlass-woman: 'Been down two
years; it is good hard work; work from seven in the morning till
three or four in the afternoon at hauling the windlass. Can draw
up four hundred loads of one hundred-weight and a half to four
hundred-weight each.'
"Ann Thomas, sixteen years old, windlass-woman: 'Finds the work
very hard; two women always work the windlass below ground. We
wind up eight hundred loads. Men do not like the winding, _it is
too hard work for them_.'"
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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