Tobacco in Colonial Virginia: "The Sovereign Remedy" — John Shaqi
Tobacco in Colonial Virginia: "The Sovereign Remedy"Herndon, G. Melvin
History
Tobacco in Colonial Virginia: "The Sovereign Remedy"
Herndon, G. Melvin
Tobacco -- Virginia -- History; Virginia -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
In 1730 the most comprehensive inspection bill ever introduced, passed
the General Assembly. The common knowledge that the past and present
inspection laws had failed to prevent the importation of unmarketable
tobacco, plus a long depression, had changed the attitude of many of
the influential planters and merchants. Nevertheless, the act did meet
with opposition from some of the English customs officials and a few of
the large planters. Soon after the passage of this new inspection law a
prominent planter wrote complainingly to a London merchant, "This Tobo
hath passed the Inspection of our new law, every hogshead was cased and
viewed by which means the tobacco was very much tumbled and made
something less sightly than it was before and it causes a great deal of
extraordinary trouble". There were complaints that the new law
destroyed tobacco that used to bring good money. Still another planter
complained that the planter's name and evidence on the hogshead had
much more effect on the price of the tobacco than the inspector's
brand. While some of the planters expressed their disapproval of the
new inspection law verbally, others resorted to violence. During the
first year some villains burned two inspection houses, one in Lancaster
County and another in Northumberland.
The inspection law passed in 1730 was frequently amended during the
colonial period, but there were no changes in its essential features.
The act provided that no tobacco was to be shipped except in hogsheads,
cases, or casks, without having first passed an inspection at one of
the legally established inspection warehouses; thus the shipment of
bulk tobacco was prohibited. Two inspectors were employed at each
warehouse, and a third was summoned in case of a dispute between the
two regular inspectors. These officials were bonded and were forbidden
under heavy penalties to pass bad tobacco, engage in the tobacco trade,
or to take rewards. Tobacco offered in payment of debts, public or
private, had to be inspected under the same conditions as that to be
exported. The inspectors were required to open the hogshead, extract
and carefully examine two samplings; all trash and unsound tobacco was
to be burned in the warehouse kiln in the presence and with the consent
of the owner. If the owner refused consent the entire hogshead was to
be destroyed. After the tobacco was sorted, the good tobacco was
repacked in the hogshead and the planter's distinguishing mark, net
weight, tare (weight of the hogshead), and name of inspection warehouse
were stamped on the hogshead.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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