Tobacco in Colonial Virginia: "The Sovereign Remedy"Herndon, G. Melvin
History
Tobacco in Colonial Virginia: "The Sovereign Remedy"
Herndon, G. Melvin
Tobacco -- Virginia -- History; Virginia -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
A tobacco note was issued to the owner of each hogshead that passed the
inspection. These notes were legal tender within the county issued, and
adjacent counties, except when the counties were separated by a large
river. They circulated freely and eventually came into the possession
of a buyer who, by presenting them at the warehouse named on the notes,
exchanged them for the specified amount of tobacco. And these
particular notes were thus retired from circulation. The person finally
demanding possession of the tobacco was allowed to have the hogsheads
reinspected if he so desired. If he was dissatisfied with the quality,
he could appeal to three justices of the peace. If they found the
tobacco to be unsound or trashy, the inspectors paid a fee of five
shillings to each of the justices, and they were also held liable for
stamping the tobacco as being good; should the tobacco be declared
sound, the buyer paid the fee.
Parcels of tobacco weighing less than 200 pounds in 1730, later
increased to 350, and finally 950 pounds, were not to be exported, in
such cases the inspectors issued transfer notes. When the purchaser of
such tobacco had enough to fill a hogshead, the tobacco was prized and
the transfer notes were exchanged for a tobacco note. The tobacco could
then be exported. Such small parcels were often necessary to pay a
levy, or a creditor, or it might have been tobacco left over from the
crop after the last hogshead had been filled and prized. These tobacco
notes provided the only currency in Virginia until she resorted to the
printing press during the French and Indian War. By the end of the
eighteenth century the reputation of the inspectors and the value of
the tobacco notes began to decline, due primarily to lax inspecting.
Exporters and manufacturers frequently demanded that their tobacco be
reinspected by competent agents.
The inspection law was allowed to expire in October, 1775, but it was
revived the following October. During this period the payment of debts
in tobacco was made on the plantation of the debtor, and if the
creditor refused to accept the tobacco as sound and marketable, the
dispute was referred to two competent neighbors, one chosen by each of
the disputants.
Prior to 1776 tobacco that was damaged while stored in the public
warehouses was paid for by the colony, but provisions were made in 1776
that such a loss was to be borne by the owner of the tobacco. In 1778
this was amended to the effect that losses by fire while stored in the
warehouses would be paid for by the state. Four years later, owing to
the great losses that had been sustained by the owners of the tobacco,
the inspectors were held liable for all tobacco destroyed or damaged,
except by fire, flood, or the enemy. The state continued to guarantee
the tobacco against the fire hazard until well into the nineteenth
century.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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