Whoever attempts a close investigation of the nature of positive
institutions, will find that the line of separation between them and
moral duties, is not always so easy to be drawn as might at first be
imagined. We say, indeed, that the former are not discoverable by the
light of nature. The reason of that, however, may be, not because they
do not in reality originate in the nature of things, but merely
because, our powers of discovery are so feeble. Were these powers
expanded, and the range of our intellectual vision widened, we might
possibly see that those very institutions we call positive, grow
naturally and necessarily out of the relation between God and us. Not
only might we see the reasons of positive institutions in general,
(which indeed is already sufficiently obvious,) but with such enlarged
capacities, we might see the reason why such particular ones are
pitched upon rather than others. The real difference between moral and
positive duties may, after all, be nothing more than this, that the
former we can readily discover for ourselves, narrow as the range of
our vision is--while the latter, we are so short-sighted, we cannot
discover, and are therefore wholly dependent on revelation for them.
Hence we suppose it is assuming more than can be proved, when it is
argued that positive appointments are altogether arbitrary, and have
no real foundation in the nature and fitness of things.[7]
Now when we admit that the Sabbath is a positive institution, we mean
that it is not discoverable by the light of nature, but is purely a
matter of revelation; and this is all we mean. It still possesses the
main attributes of a moral precept. For as we have already shown, any
duty which has its origin in the natural relation of creature to
Creator, must be of a moral nature, whether we can discover it for
ourselves, or whether by reason of our short-sightedness, we are
altogether dependent on revelation for it. That such is the origin of
the Sabbath law, is plain from the most casual inspection of it. It
grew out of God's creating the world in six days, and resting on the
seventh, and is a constant memorial of it. Besides, it provides for
the performance of the worship of God, which is confessedly a moral
duty; while the satisfaction it yields to the conscience of every man,
is a sufficient indication of its parity with other moral precepts.[8]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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