The design and general scheme of a small dugout which can be made by the infantry under the supervision of an officer, without the aid of an engineer, are here given. The dugout should be approximately 6 feet from floor to roof and about 8 feet wide, with an approximate length of 12 feet, thus allowing men to lie down and yet leave room for passage through. The width depends upon the number you intend to have occupy it. Each man requires 18″. Depth to be dug below ground depends entirely to what extent you may raise the roof upon the ground without making an unduly exposed hump which will at once tell the enemy a dugout is there. The thickness of the roof should be approximately 6 feet, constructed with side posts, cross beams, corrugated iron, waterproof oilcloth, sandbags and soil. Sandbag revetments should be used in the strengthening of side posts. When possible, although hardly ever so, walls should be lined with waterproof oilcloth and entrances so placed that they get as much sun as possible. [Illustration: _DUG-OUT WITH ROOF REMOVED._ Dimensions variable. Note the wide berms permitting the use of strong roof supports. A layer of large stones to cause early shell burst should form part of the roofing.] Great care and attention must be given to these dugouts, and even though taking a little longer than seems necessary, care must be taken to see that they are substantially constructed, otherwise they are in a constant source of danger of cave-ins during heavy shelling and bad weather. Not more than 10 men should occupy one of these dugouts. Then, if accidents happen, your casualties are not so great. The roof of these dugouts should be prepared in a manner tending to withstand as high shell shock as possible, and for this purpose the following table would be of some use, any part of which, or a combination of all, will give some idea of what is required. RESISTANCE OF ROOFING MATERIALS (a) Shrapnel bullets--Stout planks suitably supported and covered with corrugated iron and 12″ of earth or 3″ of shingle. (b) Ordinary guns of 3″ caliber--Strong timber supporting 4 ft. of earth with a top layer of heavy stones or broken bricks to cause early shell burst. (c) Field howitzers (of less than 6″ caliber)--12″ logs, supporting 8 ft. of earth with top layer of heavy stones or broken brick and lightly covered over with some earth. (d) “Jack Johnsons”--20 ft. of earth or 10 ft. of cement concrete, reënforced with steel and covered over with a covering of heavy stone or broken brick.