Yoga as philosophy and religionDasgupta, Surendranath
Religion
Yoga as philosophy and religion
Dasgupta, Surendranath
Hindu philosophy; Patañjali; Yoga
For if it is said that purusha is one and we have the notion of
different selves by his reflection into different minds, it follows that
such notions as self, or personality, are false. For the only true being
is the one, purusha. So the knower being false, the known also becomes
false; the knower and the known having vanished, everything is reduced
to that which we can in no way conceive. It may be argued that according
to the Sāṃkhya philosophy also, the knower is false, for the pure
purusha as such is not in any way connected with prakṛti. But even then
it must be observed that the Sāṃkhya-Yoga view does not hold that the
knower is false but analyses the nature of the ego and says that it is
due to the seeming unity of the mind and purusha, both of which are
reals in the strictest sense of the term. Purusha is there justly called
the knower. He sees and simultaneously with this, there is a
modification of buddhi (mind); this seeing becomes joined with this
modification of buddhi and thus arises the ego, who perceives that
particular form of the modification of buddhi. Purusha always remains
the knower. Buddhi suffers modifications and at the same time catches a
glimpse of the light of purusha, so that contact (_saṃyoga_) of purusha
and prakṛti occurs at one and the same point of time, in which there is
unity of the reflection of purusha and the particular transformation of
buddhi.
The knower, the ego and the knowable, are none of them false in the
Sāṃkhya-Yoga system at the stage preceding kaivalya, when buddhi becomes
as pure as purusha; its modification resembles the exact form of purusha
and then purusha knows himself in his true nature in buddhi; after which
buddhi vanishes. The Vedānta has to admit the modifications of māyā, but
must at the same time hold it to be unreal. The Vedānta says that māyā
is as beginningless as prakṛti yet has an ending with reference to the
released person as the buddhi of the Sāṃkhyists.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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