Yoga as philosophy and religionDasgupta, Surendranath
Religion
Yoga as philosophy and religion
Dasgupta, Surendranath
Hindu philosophy; Patañjali; Yoga
Thus the _Vyāsa-bhāshya_, IV. 14, says: “There is no object without the
knowledge of it, but there is knowledge as imagined in dreams without
any corresponding object; thus the reality of external things is like
that of dream-objects, mere imagination of the subject and unreal. How
can they who say so be believed? Since they first suppose that the
things which present themselves to us by their own force do so only on
account of the invalid and delusive imagination of the intellect, and
then deny the reality of the external world on the strength of such an
imaginary supposition of their own.”
The external world has generated knowledge of itself by its own
presentative power (_arthena svakīyayāgrāhyaśaktyā vijñānamajani_), and
has thus caused itself to be represented in our ideas, and we have no
right to deny it.[20] Commenting on the _Bhāshya_ IV. 14, Vācaspati says
that the method of agreement applied by the Buddhists by their
_sahopalambhaniyama_ (maxim of simultaneous revelation) may possibly be
confuted by an application of the method of difference. The method of
agreement applied by the idealists when put in proper form reads thus:
“Wherever there is knowledge there is external reality, or rather every
case of knowledge agrees with or is the same as every case of the
presence of external reality, so knowledge is the cause of the presence
of the external reality, i.e. the external world depends for its reality
on our knowledge or ideas and owes its origin or appearance as such to
them.” But Vācaspati says that this application of the method of
agreement is not certain, for it cannot be corroborated by the method of
difference. For the statement that every case of absence of knowledge is
also a case of absence of external reality cannot be proved, i.e. we
cannot prove that the external reality does not exist when we have no
knowledge of it (_sahopalambhaniyamaśca vedyatvañca hetū
sandigdhavyatirekatayānaikāntikau_) IV. 14.
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