Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Idisi
Scandinavia
In Germanic mythology, an idis is a divine female being. Idis is cognate to Old High German itis and Old English ides, …
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Research Index
Gods on Earth
An archive of 3,493 gods, deified rulers, and mythological figures across civilizations — from living gods of Egypt to the dying gods of antiquity.
Idlurugu
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Idlurugu
Ancient Mesopotamia
Idlurugu or Id (dÍD) was a Mesopotamian god regarded as both a river deity and a divine judge. He was the personificati…
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Inca1200 CE – 1533 CE
Idolatry
Inca Empire
Idolatry or idol worship is the worship of an idol as though it were a deity. In Abrahamic religions idolatry connotes …
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Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Iðunn
Scandinavia
In Norse mythology, Iðunn is a goddess associated with apples and youth. Iðunn is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled…
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Idyia
Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Idyia
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, Idyia or Eidyia was a daughter of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys, and queen to Aeëtes, king of Colchi…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Igai (deity)
Ancient Egypt
Igai was a lesser deity associated with the oases of Egypt's Western Desert, bearing the title “the Lord of the Oasis. ”…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Igalim
Ancient Mesopotamia
Igalim or Igalimma was a Mesopotamian god from the local pantheon of the state of Lagash. He was closely associated wit…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Igalima
Ancient Mesopotamia
Igalim or Igalimma was a Mesopotamian god from the local pantheon of the state of Lagash. He was closely associated wit…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Ihy
Ancient Egypt
Ihy is a young god in Egypt usually portrayed with the sistrum. This is in allusion to his mother Hathor who was associ…
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Ijesha
Yoruba500 BCE – present
Ijesha
West Africa
The Ijesha are one of the major sub-groups of the Yoruba people of West Africa. Ilesha is the largest town and historic…
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Ikatere
Polynesian1000 BCE – present
Ikatere
Polynesia
In Māori and Polynesian mythology, Ikatere, also spelled Ika-tere, is a fish god, the father of all sea creatures, inclu…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Ikhemu-sek
Ancient Egypt
The Ikhemu-sek were a group of ancient Egyptian minor deities who were the personifications of the northern constellatio…
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Ikšudum
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ikšudum
Ancient Mesopotamia
Ikšudum or Yakšudum was a Mesopotamian god worshiped in the kingdom of Mari, possibly a deified ancestor. He was closel…
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Native AmericanPre-Columbian – present
Iktomi
North America
In Lakota mythology, Iktómi is a spider-trickster spirit, and a culture hero for the Lakota people. Alternate names for…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Ila (Hinduism)
Indian subcontinent
Ila or Idā is a deity in Hindu legends, known for their sex changes. As a man, he is known as Ila or Sudyumna and as a …
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Ilaba
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ilaba
Ancient Mesopotamia
Ilaba was a Mesopotamian god. He is best attested as the tutelary deity of the kings of the Akkadian Empire, and functi…
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Ilabrat
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ilabrat
Ancient Mesopotamia
Ilabrat was a Mesopotamian god who in some cases was regarded as the sukkal of the sky god Anu. Evidence from the Old A…
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Ilamatecuhtli
Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Ilamatecuhtli
Aztec Empire
Citlāllīcuē, also Citlālinīcuē and Ilamātēcuhtli, was a creator goddess in Aztec mythology.
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Ilmr
Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Ilmr
Scandinavia
Ilmr is a figure in Norse mythology who is listed as a goddess and who occurs in skaldic kennings. Her associations and…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Imentet
Ancient Egypt
Imentet was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion representing the necropolises west of the Nile.
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Imhotep
Ancient Egypt
Imhotep was an Egyptian chancellor to the King Djoser, possible architect of Djoser's step pyramid, and high priest of t…
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Immanence
Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Immanence
Ancient Egypt
The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world. It is hel…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Imsety
Ancient Egypt
The four sons of Horus were a group of four deities in ancient Egyptian religion who were believed to protect the dead i…
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Imzuanna
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Imzuanna
Ancient Mesopotamia
Imzuanna, also known as Ninzuanna, was a Mesopotamian goddess worshiped in Marad as the wife of the city's tutelary god,…
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Inachus
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, Inachus or Inachos was the first king of Argos. He was one of the three thousand sons of Oceanus an…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Inanna
Ancient Mesopotamia
Inanna is the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of war, love, and sex. She is also associated with political power, divine l…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Inanna of Zabalam
Ancient Mesopotamia
Inanna of Zabalam was a hypostasis of the Mesopotamian goddess Inanna associated with the city of Zabalam. It has been …
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Japanese300 CE – present
Inari Ōkami
Japan
Inari Ōkami , also called Ō-Inari (大稲荷), is the Japanese kami of foxes, fertility, rice, tea, sake, agriculture and indu…
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Inca Viracocha
Inca1200 CE – 1533 CE
Inca Viracocha
Inca Empire
Viracocha is the creator and supreme deity in the pre-Inca and Inca mythology in the Andes region of South America. Acc…
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Incarnation
Hindu1500 BCE – present
Incarnation
Indian subcontinent
Incarnation literally means embodied in flesh or taking on flesh. It is the conception and the embodiment of a deity or…
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Inciona
Iron Age Europe
Inciona is a little-known Celtic goddess of the Treveran region. Her name is recorded as one of a pair of deities on tw…
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Indiges
Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Indiges
Ancient Rome
According to the Roman historian Livy, Jupiter Indiges is the name given to the deified hero Aeneas. In some versions o…
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Indigitamenta
Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Indigitamenta
Ancient Rome
In ancient Roman religion, the indigitamenta were lists of deities kept by the College of Pontiffs to assure that the co…
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Zoroastrian1500 BCE – present
Indra
Ancient Persia
Indra is the Vedic god of weather, considered the king of the devas and the realm of Svarga in Hinduism. He is associat…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Indrani
Indian subcontinent
Indrani, also known as Shachi and Paulomi, is the queen of the devas in Hinduism. Described as tantalisingly beautiful,…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Inshushinak
Ancient Mesopotamia
Inshushinak was the tutelary god of the city of Susa in Elam. His name has a Sumerian etymology, and can be translated …
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Intarabus
Iron Age Europe
Intarabus was a Gallo-Roman god in the local pantheon of the Treveri and some neighbouring peoples. His name is known f…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Intercidona
Ancient Rome
In ancient Roman religion, birth and childhood deities were thought to care for every aspect of conception, pregnancy, c…
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International Peace Mission movement
Yoruba500 BCE – present
International Peace Mission movement
West Africa
The International Peace Mission movement is a syncretic religious movement founded and led by Father Divine. His follow…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
International Society for Krishna Consciousness
Indian subcontinent
The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), commonly known as the Hare Krishna Movement, is a Hindu re…
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Interpretatio Germanica
Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Interpretatio Germanica
Scandinavia
Interpretatio germanica is the practice by the Germanic peoples of identifying Roman gods with the names of Germanic dei…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Interpretatio graeca
Ancient Egypt
Interpretatio graeca, or "interpretation by means of Greek [models]", refers to the tendency of the ancient Greeks to id…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Interpretatio Graeca
Ancient Rome
Interpretatio graeca, or "interpretation by means of Greek [models]", refers to the tendency of the ancient Greeks to id…
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Slavic500 CE – 1100 CE
Interpretatio Romana
Early Slavs
Interpretatio graeca, or "interpretation by means of Greek [models]", refers to the tendency of the ancient Greeks to id…
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Inca1200 CE – 1533 CE
Inti
Inca Empire
Inti is the ancient Inca sun god. He is revered as the national patron of the Inca state. Although most consider Inti …
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Japanese300 CE – present
Inugami
Japan
Inugami , like kitsunetsuki, is a spiritual possession by the spirit of a dog, widely known about in western Japan. The…
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Inuus
Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Inuus
Ancient Rome
Inuus was a god, or aspect of a god, who embodied sexual intercourse in ancient Roman religion. The evidence for him as…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Invidia
Ancient Rome
In Latin, invidia is the sense of envy, a "looking upon" associated with the evil eye, from invidere, "to look against, …
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Inyan
Native AmericanPre-Columbian – present
Inyan
North America
In Lakota mythology, Íŋyaŋ (Rock) was the first of the powerful spirits. He existed before the beginning. He then crea…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Inzak
Ancient Mesopotamia
Inzak was the main god of the pantheon of Dilmun. The precise origin of his name remains a matter of scholarly debate. …
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Io Matua Kore
Polynesian1000 BCE – present
Io Matua Kore
Polynesia
Io Matua Kore is often understood as the supreme being in Polynesian native religion, particularly of the Māori people.
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Iolaus
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, Iolaus was a Theban divine hero. He was famed for being Heracles's charioteer and squire, and for h…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Ipy (goddess)
Ancient Egypt
Ipy is an ancient Egyptian goddess of fertility. She is also known as Opet. At Karnak she is called Ipet, and in the D…
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Iqbi-damiq
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Iqbi-damiq
Ancient Mesopotamia
Iqbi-damiq was a Mesopotamian goddess who was regarded as one of the "Daughters of Edubba", and was worshiped in Kish fo…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Irer
Ancient Egypt
Irer was an ancient Egyptian god who, along with Sedjem, join Hu and Sia as creative powers of the gods. Irer, which tr…
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Irḫan
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Irḫan
Ancient Mesopotamia
Irḫan was a Mesopotamian god who personified the western branch of the Euphrates, which in the first millennium BCE beca…
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Irnina
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Irnina
Ancient Mesopotamia
Irnina or Irnini was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the personification of victory. The name could also be applied …
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Irunmọlẹ
Yoruba500 BCE – present
Irunmọlẹ
West Africa
The Irunmọlẹ are a group of primordial divine beings, or orishas, in the Yoruba religion, a West African religion practi…
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Išartu
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Išartu
Ancient Mesopotamia
Išartu was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the divine hypostasis of righteousness. She was closely associated with a…
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Isetsuhiko
Japanese300 CE – present
Isetsuhiko
Japan
Isetsuhiko-no-mikoto is an obscure Japanese god of the wind who appears in both the Fudoki of Ise Province and the Fudok…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Ishana
Indian subcontinent
Ishaan, is a Hindu god and the dikpala of the northeast direction. He is often considered to be one of the forms of the…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Išḫara
Ancient Mesopotamia
Išḫara was a goddess originally worshipped in Ebla and other nearby settlements in the north of modern Syria in the thir…
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Ishartu
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ishartu
Ancient Mesopotamia
Išartu was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the divine hypostasis of righteousness. She was closely associated with a…
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Ishmekarab
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ishmekarab
Ancient Mesopotamia
Ishmekarab (Išmekarab) or Ishnikarab (Išnikarab) was a Mesopotamian deity of justice. The name is commonly translated f…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Ishtar
Ancient Egypt
Inanna is the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of war, love, and sex. She is also associated with political power, divine l…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ishtar of Arbela
Ancient Mesopotamia
Ishtar of Arbela or the Lady of Arbela was a prominent goddess of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. She was the tutelary goddess…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ishtaran
Ancient Mesopotamia
Ištaran was a Mesopotamian god who was the tutelary deity of the city of Der, a city-state located east of the Tigris, i…
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Ishum
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ishum
Ancient Mesopotamia
Ishum was a Mesopotamian god of Akkadian origin. He is best attested as a divine night watchman, tasked with protecting…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Ishvara
Indian subcontinent
Ishvara is a concept in Hinduism, with a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism. In a…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Ishvari
Indian subcontinent
Ishvari is a Hindu epithet of Sanskrit origin, referring to the Goddess, the divine female counterpart of Ishvara. It i…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Isimud
Ancient Mesopotamia
Isimud was a Mesopotamian god regarded as the divine attendant (sukkal) of the god Enki (Ea). He was depicted with two …
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Isis
Ancient Egypt
Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was f…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Ištaran
Ancient Mesopotamia
Ištaran was a Mesopotamian god who was the tutelary deity of the city of Der, a city-state located east of the Tigris, i…
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Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Istvaeones
Scandinavia
The Istvaeones, Istaevones or Istiaeones, whose name may originally have been Istriones, were a group of Germanic people…
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Ítreksjóð
Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Ítreksjóð
Scandinavia
In Norse mythology, Ítreksjóð is a son of Odin and a god. Ítreksjóð is attested in one of the Nafnaþulur verses at the …
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Japanese300 CE – present
Itsuse no Mikoto
Japan
Itsuse no Mikoto is a Japanese deity. He was the older brother of Emperor Jimmu.
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Itūr-Mēr
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Itūr-Mēr
Ancient Mesopotamia
Itūr-Mēr was a Mesopotamian god worshiped in the kingdom of Mari, and after its fall in the kingdom of Ḫana, especially …
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Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Itzamna
Maya civilization
Itzamná is, in Maya mythology, an upper god and creator deity thought to reside in the sky. Itzamná is one of the most …
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Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Ītzpāpālōtl
Aztec Empire
Ītzpāpalōtl was a goddess in Aztec religion.
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Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Itzpapalotlcihuatl
Aztec Empire
Ītzpāpalōtl was a goddess in Aztec religion.
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Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Itzpapalotltotec
Aztec Empire
Ītzpāpalōtl was a goddess in Aztec religion.
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Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Itztapaltotec
Aztec Empire
In Aztec religion, Itztapaltotec, sometimes spelled Iztapaltotec, is an aspect of the fertility god Xipe Totec. In the …
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Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Itztlacoliuhqui
Aztec Empire
In Aztec mythology, Itztlacoliuhqui is the god of frost. He also represents matter in its lifeless state.
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Iunit
Ancient Egypt
Iunit was a minor goddess in ancient Egyptian religion, whose name means "She of Armant". She is the consort of Montu.
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Iunmutef
Ancient Egypt
Iunmutef, also known as Horus-Iunmutef or Her-iunmutef, was an ancient Egyptian deity and an aspect of the god Horus. H…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Iusaaset
Ancient Egypt
Iusaaset, Iusaas, or, in Greek, Saosis, is a primordial goddess in Ancient Egyptian religion, a feminine counterpart to …
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Japanese300 CE – present
Iwanagahime
Japan
Iwanagahime is a kami in Japanese mythology. She is the goddess of immortality. She is also the daughter of Ōyamatsumi…
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Iwasaku and Nesaku
Japanese300 CE – present
Iwasaku and Nesaku
Japan
Iwasaku and Nesaku are two kami in Shinto. They are often worshipped in star shrines in the northern Kantō region.
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Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Ix Chel
Maya civilization
Ixchel or Ix Chel is the 16th-century name of the aged jaguar goddess of midwifery and medicine in ancient Maya culture.
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Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Ixchel
Maya civilization
Ixchel or Ix Chel is the 16th-century name of the aged jaguar goddess of midwifery and medicine in ancient Maya culture.
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Ixmucane
Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Ixmucane
Maya civilization
In Maya mythology, Chriakan-Ixmucane was a creator goddess formed out of four earlier creator gods. She is one of the t…
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Ixpiyacoc
Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Ixpiyacoc
Maya civilization
Xmucane and Xpiacoc, alternatively Xumucane and Ixpiyacoc (Xpiyacoc), are the names of the divine grandparents of Maya m…
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Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Ixtab
Maya civilization
At the time of the Spanish conquest of Yucatán (1527–1546), Ix Tab or Ixtab was the indigenous Maya goddess of suicide b…
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Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Ixtlilton
Aztec Empire
Ixtlilton in Aztec mythology is a god of medicine and healing and therefore was often alluded to as the brother of Macui…
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Iya Nla
Yoruba500 BCE – present
Iya Nla
West Africa
Ìyá Nlá is the primordial spirit of all creation in Yoruba cosmology. She is believed to be the source of all existence…
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Japanese300 CE – present
Izanagi
Japan
Izanagi (イザナギ/伊邪那岐/伊弉諾), formally referred to with a divine honorific as Izanagi-no-Mikoto , is the creator deity (kami)…
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Japanese300 CE – present
Izanami
Japan
Izanami (イザナミ), formally referred to with the honorific Izanami-no-Mikoto , is the creator of both creation and death in…
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Izi (nomarch)
Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Izi (nomarch)
Ancient Egypt
Izi was a local governor of the Wetjes-Hor nome in the Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom, around 2400 BC. He is mainly known…
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Iztacuhca-Cinteotl
Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Iztacuhca-Cinteotl
Aztec Empire
In Aztec mythology, the Cintēteo are the four gods of maize. They are sons of the goddess Centeōtl and the god Cinteōtl…
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Jabru
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Jabru
Ancient Mesopotamia
Jabru was a god who according to Mesopotamian god lists was worshiped in Elam. However, he is not attested in any Elami…
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Jacawitz
Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Jacawitz
Maya civilization
Jacawitz was a mountain god of the Postclassic Kʼicheʼ Maya of highland Guatemala. He was the patron of the Ajaw Kʼiche…
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Jacob K. Olupona
Yoruba500 BCE – present
Jacob K. Olupona
West Africa
Jacob Kehinde Olupona is a Nigerian-born American professor, writer, and scholar of religious studies. He is a professo…
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Chinese1600 BCE – present
Jade Emperor
China
In the myths and folk religion of Chinese culture, the Jade Emperor or Yudi is one of the representations of the primord…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Jagaddhatri
Indian subcontinent
Jagatdhatri or Jagaddhatri or Mahadurga is an aspect of the Hindu goddess Durga, worshipped in the Indian state of West …
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Jaganmata
Indian subcontinent
Jaganmata, also rendered as Lokamata, is primarily an epithet of the Hindu deity Lakshmi, the supreme goddess of Vaishna…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Jagannath
Indian subcontinent
Jagannath is a Hindu deity worshipped as part of a triad along with his brother, Balabhadra, and his sister, Subhadra.
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Jagannatha
Indian subcontinent
Jagannath is a Hindu deity worshipped as part of a triad along with his brother, Balabhadra, and his sister, Subhadra.
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Jagarana
Indian subcontinent
Jagarana, also rendered Jagran, Jagarata, and Jaga is a Hindu ritual, practised across India. It comprises the performa…
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