Buddhist500 BCE – present
Bodhisattva Precepts
Asia
The Bodhisattva Precepts are a set of ethical trainings (śīla) used in Mahāyāna Buddhism to advance a practitioner along…
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Research Index
Gods on Earth
An archive of 3,493 gods, deified rulers, and mythological figures across civilizations — from living gods of Egypt to the dying gods of antiquity.
Buddhist500 BCE – present
Bodhisattva vow
Asia
The Bodhisattva vow is a vow taken by some Mahāyāna Buddhists to achieve full buddhahood for the sake of all sentient be…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Bodhisattva vows
Asia
The Bodhisattva vow is a vow taken by some Mahāyāna Buddhists to achieve full buddhahood for the sake of all sentient be…
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Bodhisattvas of the Earth
Buddhist500 BCE – present
Bodhisattvas of the Earth
Asia
Bodhisattvas of the Earth, also sometimes referred to as "Bodhisattvas from the Underground," "Bodhisattvas Taught by th…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Bodhisattvayāna
Asia
Mahayana is the largest branch of Buddhism, followed by Theravada. It is a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, p…
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Yoruba500 BCE – present
Bokor
West Africa
A bokor (male) or caplata (female) is a Vodou priest or priestess for hire in Haiti who is said to serve the loa, "'with…
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Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Bolon Dzacab
Maya civilization
Kʼawiil, in the Post-Classic codices corresponding to God K, is a Maya deity identified with power, creation, and lightn…
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Bolotnik
Slavic500 CE – 1100 CE
Bolotnik
Early Slavs
In Slavic mythology, bolotnik, balotnik, bolotianyk or błotnik is a male swamp spirit. There are many descriptions of b…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Bona Dea
Ancient Rome
In ancient Roman religion, Bona Dea was a goddess associated with chastity and fertility among married Roman women, heal…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Bonten
Indian subcontinent
In Buddhist literature a Brahmā, refers to a being of the non-sensual world (Brahmaloka), one of the highest realms in B…
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Bonus Eventus
Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Bonus Eventus
Ancient Rome
Bonus Eventus was a divine personification in ancient Roman religion. The Late Republican scholar Varro lists him as on…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Book of Caverns
Ancient Egypt
The Book of Caverns is an Ancient Egyptian underworld book from the New Kingdom. The Book of Caverns originated in the …
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Book of Gates
Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Book of Gates
Ancient Egypt
The Book of Gates is an ancient Egyptian funerary text dating from the New Kingdom. The Book of Gates is long and detai…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Book of the Heavenly Cow
Ancient Egypt
The Book of the Heavenly Cow, or the Book of the Cow of Heaven, is an Ancient Egyptian text which, in part, describes th…
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Boreas
Ancient Greece
Boreas is the Greek god of the cold north wind, storms, and winter. Although he was normally taken as the north wind, t…
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Boreas (god)
Ancient Greece
Boreas is the Greek god of the cold north wind, storms, and winter. Although he was normally taken as the north wind, t…
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Bormana
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Bormana
Iron Age Europe
Bormana was a Celtic goddess, the female equivalent of the god Borvo (Bormanus). Bormana was worshipped alongside Borma…
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Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Borr
Scandinavia
In Norse mythology, Borr, Börr or Burr (Old Norse: 'borer' sometimes anglicized Bor, Bör or Bur) was the son of Búri. B…
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Borvo
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Borvo
Iron Age Europe
Borvo or Bormo was an ancient Celtic god of healing springs worshipped in Gaul and Gallaecia. He was sometimes identifi…
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Borysthenis
Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Borysthenis
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, Borysthenis may refer to two distinct individuals:Borysthenes, one of the three Muses that were daug…
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Boyakonda Gangamma
Hindu1500 BCE – present
Boyakonda Gangamma
Indian subcontinent
Boyakonda Gangamma is a temple dedicated to Gangamma Devi located at Boyakonda, in Annamayya District, Andhra Pradesh, I…
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Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Bragi
Scandinavia
Bragi is a figure in Norse mythology, and the god of poetry according to Snorri. The Prose Edda, Lokasenna and Grettis …
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Brahma
Indian subcontinent
Brahma is a Hindu god, referred to as "the Creator" within the Trimurti, the trinity of supreme divinity that includes V…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Brahmā (Buddhism)
Asia
In Buddhist literature a Brahmā, refers to a being of the non-sensual world (Brahmaloka), one of the highest realms in B…
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Brahma Purana
Hindu1500 BCE – present
Brahma Purana
Indian subcontinent
The Brahma Purana is one of the eighteen major Puranas collections of Hindu texts in Sanskrit. It is listed as the firs…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Brahma Vaivarta Purana
Indian subcontinent
The Brahmavaivarta Purana is a voluminous Sanskrit text and one of the major Puranas (Maha-purana) of Hinduism. It is a…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Brahmacharini
Indian subcontinent
Brahmacharini is a form of the Hindu goddess Mahadevi, venerated as Parvati, in the form of a female ascetic. She is th…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Brahmaloka
Indian subcontinent
Brahmaloka or Satyaloka sometimes refers to the realm of Brahma, the creator god, a member of the Trimurti along with Vi…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Brahmani (Matrika)
Indian subcontinent
Brahmani or Brahmi, is one of the seven Hindu mother goddesses known as Sapta Matrikas. She is a form of Saraswati and …
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Bricta
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Bricta
Iron Age Europe
In Gallo-Roman religion, Bricta or Brixta was a Gaulish goddess who was a consort of Luxovius, god of the waters of Luxe…
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Brigantia (goddess)
Iron Age Europe
Brigantia or Dea Brigantia was a goddess in Celtic paganism, attested in inscriptions from the north of Roman Britain. …
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Brigid
Iron Age Europe
Brigid or Brigit, also Bríg, is a goddess of pre-Christian Ireland. She appears in Irish mythology as a member of the T…
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Brigit
Iron Age Europe
Brigid or Brigit, also Bríg, is a goddess of pre-Christian Ireland. She appears in Irish mythology as a member of the T…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Brihaspati
Indian subcontinent
Brihaspati is a Hindu god. In the ancient Vedic scriptures, Brihaspati is associated with fire, and the word also refer…
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Brimo
Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Brimo
Ancient Greece
In ancient Greek religion and myth, the epithet Brimo may be applied to any of several goddesses with an inexorable, dre…
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Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Brisingamen
Scandinavia
In Norse mythology, Brísingamen is the torc or necklace of the goddess Freyja, of which little else is known for certain…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Britannia
Ancient Rome
The image of Britannia is the national personification of Britain, traditionally depicted as a helmeted female warrior h…
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Britomartis
Ancient Greece
Britomartis was a Greek goddess of mountains, nets, and hunting who was primarily worshipped on the island of Crete. Sh…
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Brizo
Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Brizo
Ancient Greece
Brizo is an ancient Greek goddess who was known as the protector of mariners, sailors, and fishermen. Brizo was also kn…
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Bu Luotuo
Chinese1600 BCE – present
Bu Luotuo
China
Bu Luotuo or Baeuqloxdoh is the supreme god and creator in Zhuang mythology and Moism of the Zhuang people. He is assoc…
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Bubona
Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Bubona
Ancient Rome
In ancient Roman religion, Bubona is thought to have been a goddess of cattle, but she is named only by Saint Augustine.
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Buchis
Ancient Egypt
In Egyptian mythology, Buchis was the deification of the kꜣ of the war god Montu as a sacred bull that was worshipped in…
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Chinese1600 BCE – present
Budai
China
Budai is a nickname given to the historical Chinese monk Qieci in the Later Liang Dynasty, who is often identified with …
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddha (title)
Asia
In Buddhism, Buddha, is a title for those who are spiritually awake or enlightened, and have thus attained the supreme g…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddha footprint
Asia
Buddha's footprints ( Tibetan: སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་རྗེས། ) is an important Buddhist symbol which is commonly depicted as ic…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddha in art
Asia
Much Buddhist art depicts the historical Buddha, Gautama Buddha, in forms known as Buddharūpa in Sanskrit and Pali. The…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddha-nature
Asia
In Buddhist philosophy and soteriology, Buddha-nature is the innate potential for all sentient beings to become a Buddha…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddha's Birthday
Asia
Buddha's Birthday or Buddha Day is a primarily Buddhist festival that is celebrated in most of South, Southeast and East…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhahood
Asia
In Buddhism, Buddha, is a title for those who are spiritually awake or enlightened, and have thus attained the supreme g…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddharupa
Asia
Much Buddhist art depicts the historical Buddha, Gautama Buddha, in forms known as Buddharūpa in Sanskrit and Pali. The…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhas and bodhisattvas in art
Asia
The many different varieties of Buddhist art often show buddhas and bodhisattvas, as well as depictions of the historica…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhavamsa
Asia
The Buddhavaṃsa is a hagiographical Buddhist text which describes the life of Gautama Buddha and of the twenty-four Budd…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhism
Asia
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophy based on teachings attribute…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhism and Christianity
Asia
Buddhism and Christianity are the world’s fourth-largest and largest religions, with approximately 510 million and 2. 3 …
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Buddhism and Gnosticism
Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhism and Gnosticism
Asia
Buddhologist Edward Conze (1966) has proposed that similarities existed between Buddhism and Gnosticism, a term deriving…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Buddhism and Hinduism
Indian subcontinent
Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in Ancient India, which later spread and became dominant religions in Southeas…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhism and Jainism
Asia
Buddhism and Jainism are Eastern religions that developed in the Indian subcontinent. The Buddha and the 24th Jain Tirt…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhism in Afghanistan
Asia
Buddhism, a religion founded by Gautama Buddha, first arrived in modern-day Afghanistan through the conquests of Ashoka,…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Buddhist deities
Asia
Buddhism includes a wide array of divine beings that are venerated in various ritual and popular contexts. Initially th…
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Budha
Indian subcontinent
Budha is the Sanskrit word for the planet Mercury, personified as the god of intelligence.
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Budhi Pallien
Hindu1500 BCE – present
Budhi Pallien
Indian subcontinent
In Hinduism, Budhi Pallien is a fearsome goddess of forests and jungles, who roams northern India, particularly Assam, i…
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Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Bull of Heaven
Ancient Mesopotamia
In ancient Mesopotamian mythology, the Bull of Heaven is a mythical beast fought by the King of Uruk Gilgamesh. The sto…
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Bunene
Mesopotamian3500 BCE – 500 BCE
Bunene
Ancient Mesopotamia
The ancient Mesopotamian deity Bunene, inscribed in cuneiform sumerograms as dḪAR and phonetically as dbu-ne-ne, was a s…
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Norse800 CE – 1100 CE
Búri
Scandinavia
In Norse mythology, Búri is a divinity god. Some believe he is the father of Odin and therefore an early ancestor of th…
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Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
Maya civilization
Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil was a Maya king of Dos Pilas. He is also known as Ruler 1, Flint Sky God K and Malah Chan Kʼawil.
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Caanthus
Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Caanthus
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, Caanthus or Kaanthos was the son of Oceanus and Tethys, and the brother of Melia, who was the consor…
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Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Cabaguil
Maya civilization
In Maya mythology, Cabaguil was a solar god who assisted in the creation of human beings.
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Cabeiri
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, the Cabeiri or Cabiri, also transliterated Kabeiri or Kabiri, were a group of enigmatic chthonic dei…
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Cabrakan
Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Cabrakan
Maya civilization
Cabrakan was a Maya god of earthquakes and mountains. Cabrakan is a son of Vucub-Caquix and the brother of Zipacna. He…
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Cabrakan (Deity)
Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Cabrakan (Deity)
Maya civilization
Cabrakan was a Maya god of earthquakes and mountains. Cabrakan is a son of Vucub-Caquix and the brother of Zipacna. He…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Cacus
Ancient Rome
In Roman mythology, Cacus was a fire-breathing giant and the son of Vulcan. He was killed by Hercules after terrorizing…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Caelus
Ancient Rome
Caelus or Coelus was a primordial god of the sky in Roman mythology and theology, iconography, and literature. The deit…
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Caerus
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, Caerus was the personification of opportunity, luck and favorable moments. He was shown with only o…
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Cailleach
Iron Age Europe
In Gaelic myth, the Cailleach is a divine hag, associated with the creation of the landscape and with the weather, espec…
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Chinese1600 BCE – present
Caishen
China
Caishen is a mythological figure worshipped in the Chinese folk religion and Taoism. He has been identified with many h…
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Calliope
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, Calliope is the Muse who presides over eloquence and epic poetry, so called from the ecstatic harmon…
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Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Camaxtle
Aztec Empire
Mixcoatl, or Camaxtle or Camaxtli, was the god of the hunt and identified with the Milky Way, the stars, and the heavens…
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Aztec1300 CE – 1521 CE
Camaxtli
Aztec Empire
Mixcoatl, or Camaxtle or Camaxtli, was the god of the hunt and identified with the Milky Way, the stars, and the heavens…
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Maya2000 BCE – 1500 CE
Camazotz
Maya civilization
In the Late Post-Classic Maya mythology of the Popol Vuh, Camazotz is a bat spirit at the service of the lords of the un…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Camenae
Ancient Rome
In Roman mythology, the Camenae were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities…
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Camulus
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Camulus
Iron Age Europe
Camulus or Camulos is a Celtic deity who was identified with Mars via interpretatio romana. Camulus was an important go…
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Zoroastrian1500 BCE – present
Candomblé Bantu
Ancient Persia
Candomblé Bantu is one of the major branches (nations) of the Candomblé religious belief system in Brazil. It developed…
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Buddhist500 BCE – present
Candraprabha
Asia
Candraprabha is a bodhisattva often seen with Sūryaprabha, as the two siblings serve Bhaiṣajyaguru. Statues of Candrapr…
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Chinese1600 BCE – present
Cangdi
China
Cāngdì of pinyin: Dōngyuèdàdì is the manifestation of the supreme God associated with the essence of wood and spring, fo…
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Cao Gugu
Chinese1600 BCE – present
Cao Gugu
China
Cao Gugu is a bodhisattva or deity in Chinese folk religion. In the ancient Huiji Temple, located in a small mountain v…
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Caoineag
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Caoineag
Iron Age Europe
The caoineag is a female spirit in Scottish folklore and a type of Highland banshee, her name meaning "weeper". She is …
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Capitoline Triad
Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Capitoline Triad
Ancient Rome
The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities who were worshipped in ancient Roman religion in an elaborate temple o…
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Cardea
Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Cardea
Ancient Rome
Cardea or Carda was the ancient Roman goddess of the hinge, Roman doors being hung on pivot hinges. The Augustan poet O…
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Cariocecus
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Cariocecus
Iron Age Europe
Cariocecus or Cariociecus was the god of war in the mythology of various Iberian tribes, in the region then known as His…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Carmenta
Ancient Rome
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Carmenta (Greek) or Carmentis (Latin) was a goddess of childbirth and prophecy, asso…
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Roman750 BCE – 400 CE
Carmentis
Ancient Rome
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Carmenta (Greek) or Carmentis (Latin) was a goddess of childbirth and prophecy, asso…
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Caryatis
Ancient Greece
In ancient Greek religion, Artemis Caryatis (Καρυᾶτις) was an epithet of Artemis that was derived from the small polis o…
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Cassiphone
Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Cassiphone
Ancient Greece
Cassiphone is a minor figure in Greek mythology, the daughter of the sorceress-goddess Circe and the Trojan War hero Ody…
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Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Castor and Pollux
Ancient Greece
Castor and Pollux are twin half-brothers in Greek and Roman mythology, known together as the Dioscuri or Dioskouroi.
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Cat-sìth
Iron Age Europe
The cat-sìth, in Irish cat sí, is a fairy creature from Celtic mythology, said to resemble a large black cat with a whit…
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Catholic Saints
Yoruba500 BCE – present
Catholic Saints
West Africa
This is an incomplete list of humans and angels whom the Catholic Church has canonized as saints. Catholic theology hol…
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Cathubodua
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Cathubodua
Iron Age Europe
Cathubodua is the name of a Gaulish battle goddess.
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Caturix
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Caturix
Iron Age Europe
Caturix was the war god of the Helvetii.
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Hindu1500 BCE – present
Caturvyūha
Indian subcontinent
Caturvyūha or Chatur-vyūha, is an ancient Indian religious concept initially referring to the four earthly emanations (v…
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Cavern deities of the underworld
Ancient Egypt
The Cavern deities of the underworld were ancient Egyptian minor deities charged with punishing the damned souls by behe…
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Cebren
Greek800 BCE – 400 CE
Cebren
Ancient Greece
In Greek mythology, Cebren was a Greek river-god, whose river was located near Troy. He was the son of Oceanus and Teth…
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Cel (goddess)
Etruscan900 BCE – 100 BCE
Cel (goddess)
Etruria
Cel was the Etruscan goddess of the earth. On the Etruscan calendar, the month of Celi (September) is likely named for …
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Egyptian3100 BCE – 400 CE
Celestial Ferryman
Ancient Egypt
The Celestial Ferryman is the modern name of an Ancient Egyptian god. The god had multiple ancient names all with simil…
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Celtic Animism
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Celtic Animism
Iron Age Europe
According to classical sources, the ancient Celts were animists. They honoured the forces of nature, saw the world as i…
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Celtic deities
Iron Age Europe
The gods and goddesses of the pre-Christian Celtic peoples are known from a variety of sources, including ancient places…
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Celtic leaf-crown
Iron Age Europe
The Celtic leaf-crown is a motif of Celtic art from the early La Tène period. A leaf-crown is composed of two broad lob…
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Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Celtic mothers
Iron Age Europe
The Matres and Matronae were female deities venerated in Northwestern Europe, of whom relics are found dating from the f…
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Celtic nature worship
Celtic800 BCE – 500 CE
Celtic nature worship
Iron Age Europe
According to classical sources, the ancient Celts were animists. They honoured the forces of nature, saw the world as i…
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