قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ لِأَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَعُولُ وَ إِنَّ الزَّوْجَ لَا يُنْقَصُ مِنَ النِّصْفِ وَ لَا الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِمْ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَإِنْ كانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ وَاحِداً فَلَهُ السُّدُسُ وَ إِنَّمَا عَنَى اللَّهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى وَ إِنْ كانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ إِنَّمَا عَنَى بِذَلِكَ الْإِخْوَةَ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ خَاصَّةً وَ قَالَ فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أُخْتاً لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ أَوْ أُخْتاً لِأَبٍ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُها إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَها وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَ إِنْ كانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجالًا وَ نِساءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يُزَادُونَ وَ يُنْقَصُونَ قَالَ وَ لَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أُخْتَيْهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ أُخْتَيْهَا لِأَبِيهَا كَانَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِأُخْتَيْهَا لِأُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِأُخْتَيْهَا لِأَبِيهَا السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَهُوَ لَهَا لِأَنَّ الْأُخْتَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لَا يُزَادُونَ عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ وَ لَوْ كَانَ أَخٌ لِأَبٍ لَمْ يُزَدْ عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ .
Translation
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, and Abu Ayoub, and Abdullah Bin Bukeyr, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, (The narrator says), ‘I said to Abu Ja’far<sup>asws</sup>, ‘What are you<sup>asws</sup> saying regarding a woman who died and left her husband, and her brothers from her mother, and brothers and sister from her father?’ So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘For the husband is the half, being three shares, and for her brothers from her mother is the one-third, being two shares, and male and the female being equal in it, and the one remaining share, so it is for the brothers and the sister from the father, for the male being the like of a portion of two females, because for the (legislated) shares, there is no deficiency, and that the husband would not be reduced from the half, nor the brothers from the mother, from their third, because Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic is Saying <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:4#h12"><a href="/books/quran:4#h12">[4:12]</a></a> but if they are more than that, they shall be sharers in the third</span>. And if there was one, so for him would be the one-sixth. And what Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Blessed and High Means by His<sup>azwj</sup> Elevated Words, and if there was a man was inherited by a ‘<span class="iTxt">Kalala</span>’ (one who is neither with a child nor a parent), or a woman, and for him is a brother or a sister, so for each one from them is the one-sixth. But rather, what is Meant by that is the brother and the sister from the mother in particular. And He<sup>azwj</sup> Said at the end of <span class="iTxt">Surah Nisa</span> (Chapter 4) <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:4#h176"><a href="/books/quran:4#h176">[4:176]</a></a> Say: Allah Gives you a Verdict concerning the person who has neither parents nor offspring</span>. If a person died and there is no child for him, and for him is a sister, meaning sisters from a father and a mother, or sister from a father, so for her is half of what is left, and he would inherit her if there does not happen to be a child for her. So if there two, so for the two of them would be two-thirds from what is left, and if there were brethren, men and women, so for the male would be like of two females. So they are the ones who are increased and decreased, and similar to that is for their child who are increasing and decreasing, and even if a woman were to leaves her husband, and her brothers from her mother, and two sisters from her father, for the husband would be the half, being three shares, and for the brother from the mother, being two shares, and the remaining one share, so it is for the two sisters of the father, even if she was only one, so it is for her, because the two sisters from a father, if they were two brothers, they would not be increased over what remains, even if she was one, so it would be for her, because the two sisters from the father would not be increased upon what remains, even if there was a brother of the father, he would not be increased above what remains’.
Compiled by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Source
License: Free for educational and research use (Thaqalayn Data API)
Provided for research and educational purposes. Original source: Thaqalayn Project. Open License.