Feminism in Greek Literature from Homer to Aristotle — Aristotle — John Shaqi
Feminism in Greek Literature from Homer to Aristotle
Aristotle · en
Her husband, being a male, is far more reasonable in his tone: ‘You must
not expect to know all my business, my dear: it would be too hard for
you, you know, though you are my wife,’ and so on, gently putting her in
her inferior place. But Hera refuses to listen to reason: ‘What do you
mean by that?’ she cries. ‘I have been only too ready in the past not
to ask questions, I have left you at your ease, you have done what you
liked,’ and she proceeds to disclose her well-founded suspicions, until
Zeus, giving up any further appeals to her better feelings, tells her
bluntly to sit still and do what she is told. If not, ‘All the gods in
heaven, you know, won’t be of any use to you when I come close and lay my
irresistible hands upon you.’ A further edifying touch is given by the
well-meant intervention of Hera’s lame son, Hephaestus, and the scene
closes with the unquenchable laughter of the blessed gods.
Another similar episode is the passage in Book 14, known as ‘the
beguiling of Zeus,’ or, as we might say, ‘the tricked husband.’ Hera, it
begins, saw her husband sitting on Mount Ida, and abhorred the sight of
him. The story can be condensed by omitting all the ornamental epithets
and turns of phrase which are used to give a very un-epic passage an epic
colouring, and it runs somewhat like this.
Though she detests her lord, she still has to consider how to get the
better of him, and she decides to dress herself in her finest. She goes
accordingly to her bower, with its close-shut doors and its secret key,
fastens the bolt, and begins an elaborate toilet. It is a sure sign of
the odalisque that perfumes, jewellery, adornment of every kind are
lavished upon her by the very men who really regard her as a chattel,
and the whole description that follows reads like a passage in the
_Arabian Nights_, themselves probably a product of the same kind of Greek
genius as composed these portions of the Iliad. Every detail is lovingly
dwelt upon; first with ‘ambrosia’ (the author hardly troubles himself
about what ambrosia really is, and uses it as a sort of trade word),
she washes her lovely skin, and then she anoints herself with oil, an
‘extra-ambrosial’ sort, which has been specially perfumed for her: then
she combs her hair and twists it into bright, beautiful, ‘ambrosial’
curls. Next comes the ‘ambrosial’ robe with dainty patterns upon it,
pinned across the chest by golden brooches, and the corset belt with
its hundred tassels, and finally the earrings shining brightly with
their three pendants. The goddess is now ready, except for the last two
articles of a Greek lady’s toilette, the yashmak veil and the sandals,
and as she is going abroad she puts them on and calls upon Aphrodite.
Being a woman, she begins with a circumlocution. ‘Dear child,’ she
says, ‘I wonder whether you will say yes or no to what I have to ask.’
Aphrodite invites her to be a little more plain, and ‘the crafty’ Hera
then enters into an elaborate and entirely false explanation.