_Every man is a In one of which the living-creature_, } middle-term _Some living creature is four-footed_, } is the _subject_, and in the } other the _predicate_, the conclusion will not follow, because the name _living creature_ being not determined, it may in one of them be understood of _man_, in the other of _not-man_. [Sidenote: A syllogism is the collection of two propositions into one sum.] 6. Now it is manifest from what has been said, that a syllogism is nothing but a collection of the sum of two propositions, joined together by a common term, which is called the _middle term_. And as proposition is the addition of two names, so syllogism is the adding together of three. [Sidenote: The figure of a syllogism what it is.] 7. Syllogisms are usually distinguished according to their diversity of _figures_, that is, by the diverse position of the middle term. And again in figure there is a distinction of certain _moods_, which consist of the differences of propositions in _quantity_ and _quality_. The first figure is that, in which the terms are placed one after another according to their latitude of signification; in which order the _minor term_ is first, the _middle term_ next, and the _major_ last; as, if the minor term be _man_, the middle term, _living creature_, and the major term, _body_, then, _man is a living-creature, is a body_, will be a syllogism in the first figure: in which, _man is a living creature_ is the minor proposition; the major, _living creature is a body_, and the conclusion, or sum of both, _man is a body_. Now this figure is called _direct_, because the terms stand in direct order; and it is varied by _quantity_ and _quality_ into four _moods_: of which the first is that wherein all the terms are _positive_, and the minor term _universal_, as _every man is a living creature_, _every living creature is a body_: in which all the propositions are affirmative, and universal. But if the major term be a negative name, and the minor an universal name, the _figure_ will be in the second _mood_, as, _every man is a living creature_, _every living creature is not a tree_, in which the major proposition and conclusion are both universal and negative. To these two, are commonly added two more, by making the minor term particular. Also it may happen that both the major and middle terms are negative terms, and then there arises another _mood_, in which all the propositions are negative, and yet the syllogism will be good; as, if the minor term be _man_, the middle term _not a stone_, and the major term _not a flint_, this syllogism, _no man is a stone_, _whatsoever is not a stone is not a flint_, therefore, _no man is a flint_, is true, though it consist of three negatives. But in philosophy, the profession whereof is to establish universal rules concerning the properties of