The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 01 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 01 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
by which light is generated, is motion only in the parts of the object.
Which being understood, we may easily conceive what it is the medium
contributes, namely, the continuation of that motion to the eye; and,
lastly, what the eye and the rest of the organs of the sentient
contribute, namely, the continuation of the same motion to the last
organ of sense, the heart. And in this manner the cause of light may be
made up of motion continued from the original of the same motion, to the
original of vital motion, light being nothing but the alteration of
vital motion, made by the impression upon it of motion continued from
the object. But I give this only for an example, for I shall speak more
at large of light, and the generation of it, in its proper place. In the
mean time it is manifest, that in the searching out of causes, there is
need partly of the analytical, and partly of the synthetical method; of
the analytical, to conceive how circumstances conduce severally to the
production of effects; and of the synthetical, for the adding together
and compounding of what they can effect singly by themselves. And thus
much may serve for the method of invention. It remains that I speak of
the method of teaching, that is, of demonstration, and of the means by
which we demonstrate.
[Sidenote: Words serve to invention as marks; to demonstration as
signs.]
11. In the method of invention, the use of words consists in this, that
they may serve for marks, by which, whatsoever we have found out may be
recalled to memory; for without this all our inventions perish, nor will
it be possible for us to go on from principles beyond a syllogism or
two, by reason of the weakness of memory. For example, if any man, by
considering a triangle set before him, should find that all its angles
together taken are equal to two right angles, and that by thinking of
the same tacitly, without any use of words either understood or
expressed; and it should happen afterwards that another triangle, unlike
the former, or the same in different situation, should be offered to his
consideration, he would not know readily whether the same property were
in this last or no, but would be forced, as often as a different
triangle were brought before him (and the difference of triangles is
infinite) to begin his contemplation anew; which he would have no need
to do if he had the use of names, for every universal name denotes the
conceptions we have of infinite singular things. Nevertheless, as I said
above, they serve as _marks_ for the help of our memory, whereby we
register to ourselves our own inventions; but not as _signs_ by which we
declare the same to others; so that a man may be a philosopher alone by
himself, without any master; Adam had this capacity. But to teach, that
is, to demonstrate, supposes two at the least, and syllogistical speech.
[Sidenote: The method of demonstration is synthetical.]