The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 01 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 01 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
First, that it takes away equivocation, as also all that multitude of
distinctions, which are used by such as think they may learn philosophy
by disputation. For the nature of a definition is to define, that is, to
determine the signification of the defined name, and to pare from it all
other signification besides what is contained in the definition itself;
and therefore one definition does as much, as all the distinctions (how
many soever) that can be used about the name defined.
Secondly, that it gives an universal notion of the thing defined,
representing a certain universal picture thereof, not to the eye, but to
the mind. For as when one paints a man, he paints the image of some man;
so he, that defines the name man, makes a representation of some man to
the mind.
Thirdly, that it is not necessary to dispute whether definitions are to
be admitted or no. For when a master is instructing his scholar, if the
scholar understand all the parts of the thing defined, which are
resolved in the definition, and yet will not admit of the definition,
there needs no further controversy betwixt them, it being all one as if
he refused to be taught. But if he understand nothing, then certainly
the definition is faulty; for the nature of a definition consists in
this, that it exhibit a clear idea of the thing defined; and principles
are either known by themselves, or else they are not principles.
Fourthly, that, in philosophy, definitions are before defined names. For
in teaching philosophy, the first beginning is from definitions; and all
progression in the same, till we come to the knowledge of the thing
compounded, is compositive. Seeing, therefore, definition is the
explication of a compounded name by resolution, and the progression is
from the parts to the compound, definitions must be understood before
compounded names; nay, when the names of the parts of any speech be
explicated, it is not necessary that the definition should be a name
compounded of them. For example, when these names, _equilateral_,
_quadrilateral_, _right-angled_, are sufficiently understood, it is not
necessary in geometry that there should be at all such a name as
_square_; for defined names are received in philosophy for brevity's
sake only.
Fifthly, that compounded names, which are defined one way in some one
part of philosophy, may in another part of the same be otherwise
defined; as a _parabola_ and an _hyperbole_ have one definition in
geometry, and another in rhetoric; for definitions are instituted and
serve for the understanding of the doctrine which is treated of. And,
therefore, as in one part of philosophy, a definition may have in it
some one fit name for the more brief explanation of some proposition in
geometry; so it may have the same liberty in other parts of philosophy;
for the use of names is particular (even where many agree to the
settling of them) and arbitrary.