The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 02 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
necessary for human society), that _five_ shall be the name of so
many unities as are contained in two and three taken together, a man
assent that this is therefore true, because two and three together
are the same with five: this assent shall be called knowledge. And
to know this truth is nothing else, but to acknowledge that it is
made by ourselves. For by whose will and rules of speaking the
number || is called two, ||| is called three, and ||||| is called
five; by their will also it comes to pass that this proposition is
true, _two and three taken together make five_. In like manner if we
remember what it is that is called _theft_, and what _injury_; we
shall understand by the words themselves, whether it be true that
_theft is an injury_, or not. _Truth_ is the same with a _true
proposition_; but _the proposition is true_ in which the _word
consequent_, which by logicians is called _the predicate_, embraceth
_the word antecedent_ in its amplitude, which they call _the
subject_. And to _know truth_, is the same thing as to _remember_
that it was made by ourselves by the very usurpation of the words.
Neither was it rashly nor unadvisedly said by Plato of old, _that
knowledge was memory_. But it happens sometimes, that words although
they have a certain and defined signification by constitution, yet
by vulgar use either to adorn or deceive, they are so wrested from
their own significations, that to remember the conceptions for which
they were first imposed on things, is very hard, and not to be
mastered but by a sharp judgment and very great diligence. It
happens too that there are many words, which have no proper,
determined, and everywhere the same signification; and are
understood not by their own, but by virtue of other signs used
together with them. Thirdly, there are some words of things
unconceivable. Of those things, therefore, whereof they are the
words, there is no conception; and therefore in vain do we seek for
the truth of those propositions, which they make out of the words
themselves. In these cases, while by considering the definitions of
words we search out the truth of some proposition, according to the
hope we have of finding it, we think it sometimes true, and
sometimes false; either of which apart is called _thinking_, and
also _believing_; both together, _doubting_. But when our reasons,
for which we assent to some proposition, derive not from the
_proposition itself_, but from the _person propounding_, whom we
esteem so learned that he is not deceived, and we see no reason why
he should deceive us; our assent, because it grows not from any
confidence of our own, but from another man’s knowledge, is called
_faith_. And by the confidence of whom we do believe, we are said
_to trust them_, or _to trust in them_. By what hath been said, the
difference appears, first, between _faith_ and _profession_; for
that is always joined with inward assent; this not always. That is