The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
There was once a great conflux of people in Abdera, a city of the
Greeks, at the acting of the tragedy of _Andromeda_, upon an extreme hot
day; whereupon, a great many of the spectators falling into fevers, had
this accident from the heat, and from the tragedy together, that they
did nothing but pronounce iambics, with the names of Perseus and
Andromeda; which, together with the fever, was cured by the coming on of
winter; and this madness was thought to proceed from the passion
imprinted by the tragedy. Likewise there reigned a fit of madness in
another Grecian city, which seized only the young maidens; and caused
many of them to hang themselves. This was by most then thought an act of
the Devil. But one that suspected, that contempt of life in them, might
proceed from some passion of the mind, and supposing that they did not
contemn also their honour, gave counsel to the magistrates, to strip
such as so hanged themselves, and let them hang out naked. This, the
story says, cured that madness. But on the other side, the same
Grecians, did often ascribe madness to the operation of Eumenides, or
Furies; and sometimes of Ceres, Phœbus, and other gods; so much did men
attribute to phantasms, as to think them aëreal living bodies; and
generally to call them spirits. And as the Romans in this, held the same
opinion with the Greeks, so also did the Jews; for they called madmen
prophets, or, according as they thought the spirits good or bad,
demoniacs: and some of them called both prophets and demoniacs, madmen;
and some called the same man both demoniac, and madman. But for the
Gentiles it is no wonder, because diseases and health, vices and
virtues, and many natural accidents, were with them termed, and
worshipped as demons. So that a man was to understand by demon, as well,
sometimes an ague, as a devil. But for the Jews to have such opinion, is
somewhat strange. For neither Moses nor Abraham pretended to prophecy by
possession of a spirit; but from the voice of God; or by a vision or
dream: nor is there anything in his law, moral or ceremonial, by which
they were taught, there was any such enthusiasm, or any possession. When
God is said, (_Numb._ xi. 25) to take from the spirit that was in Moses,
and give to the seventy elders, the Spirit of God (taking it for the
substance of God) is not divided. The Scriptures, by the Spirit of God
in man, mean a man’s spirit, inclined to godliness. And where it is
said, (_Exod._ xxiii. 8) “whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom
to make garments for Aaron,” is not meant a spirit put into them, that
can make garments, but the wisdom of their own spirits in that kind of
work. In the like sense, the spirit of man, when it produceth unclean
actions, is ordinarily called an unclean spirit, and so other spirits,
though not always, yet as often as the virtue or vice so styled, is
extraordinary, and eminent. Neither did the other prophets of the old